Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Self-Evaluation: Self-Enhancement and Self-Verification03:00

Self-Evaluation: Self-Enhancement and Self-Verification

5.2K
Social psychologists have documented that feeling good about ourselves and maintaining positive self-esteem is a powerful motivator of human behavior (Tavris & Aronson, 2008). In the United States, members of the predominant culture typically think very highly of themselves and view themselves as good people who are above average on many desirable traits (Ehrlinger, Gilovich, & Ross, 2005). Often, our behavior, attitudes, and beliefs are affected when we experience a threat to our...
5.2K
Primary and Secondary Reinforcers01:23

Primary and Secondary Reinforcers

361
In psychology, reinforcement is a key concept in behavior modification. B.F. Skinner demonstrated this with his experiments involving rats in what is known as a Skinner box. The rats learned to press a lever to receive food, a primary reinforcer that fulfilled their innate need for nourishment.
Effective reinforcers for humans vary depending on the individual and the context. Primary reinforcers, such as food, water, sleep, shelter, and pleasure, have inherent value and satisfy basic biological...
361
Socioemotional Experience and Gender Development01:30

Socioemotional Experience and Gender Development

63
Social-emotional experiences and cultural influences play significant roles in shaping gender development. During middle childhood, from ages 6 to 11, peer groups become dominant in reinforcing gender norms. Children in this age group often align with same-gender peer groups, which actively encourage behaviors that conform to traditional gender roles. For instance, boys may be discouraged from engaging in activities perceived as feminine, reinforcing culturally dictated norms about masculinity...
63
Empathy02:34

Empathy

9.6K
Some researchers suggest that altruism operates on empathy. Empathy is the capacity to understand another person’s perspective, to feel what he or she feels. An empathetic person makes an emotional connection with others and feels compelled to help (Batson, 1991). Empathy can be expressed in several ways, including cognitive, affective, and motor. 
9.6K
Social Facilitation01:04

Social Facilitation

32.1K
Not all intergroup interactions lead to negative outcomes. Sometimes, being in a group situation can improve performance. Social facilitation occurs when an individual performs better when an audience is watching than when the individual performs the behavior alone. This typically occurs when people are performing a task for which they are skilled.
32.1K
Bullying02:04

Bullying

8.5K
A modern form of aggression is bullying. As you learn in your study of child development, socializing and playing with other children is beneficial for children’s psychological development. However, as you may have experienced as a child, not all play behavior has positive outcomes. Some children are aggressive and want to play roughly. Other children are selfish and do not want to share toys. One form of negative social interactions among children that has become a national concern is...
8.5K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Mapping National Definitions, Classifications, and Policy Approaches to Poor-Prognosis Cancers Across the G7 Cancer Initiative Countries.

JCO global oncology·2026
Same author

Tumor-Targeted IL-12 (PDS01ADC) with Hepatic Artery Infusion Pump Therapy for Colorectal Liver Metastases: Interim Analysis of a Non-randomized Phase II Trial.

JCO oncology advances·2026
Same author

Autism shapes social integration and reciprocity in elementary classrooms.

Scientific reports·2025
Same author

Comparative genomic analysis of key oncogenic pathways in hepatocellular carcinoma among diverse populations.

medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences·2025
Same author

Pathway-specific genomic alterations in pancreatic cancer across diverse cohorts.

medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences·2025
Same author

Molecular alterations in TP53, WNT, PI3K, TGF-Beta and RTK/RAS pathways in gastric cancer among ethnically heterogeneous cohorts.

medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 16, 2025

Use of Galvanic Skin Responses, Salivary Biomarkers, and Self-reports to Assess Undergraduate Student Performance During a Laboratory Exam Activity
07:32

Use of Galvanic Skin Responses, Salivary Biomarkers, and Self-reports to Assess Undergraduate Student Performance During a Laboratory Exam Activity

Published on: February 10, 2016

9.4K

Reciprocity heightens academic performance in elementary school students.

Cristian Candia1,2, Melanie Oyarzún3, Victor Landaeta1

  • 1Data Science Institute, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad del Desarrollo, Las Condes, 7610658, Chile.

Heliyon
|December 23, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Strong peer relationships boost children's academic success. A study found that reciprocity in social connections significantly enhances learning outcomes for elementary students, especially high achievers.

Keywords:
Academic performanceExperimental game theoryNonanonymous social dilemmaPeer interactionPrimary educationReciprocity

More Related Videos

A Cross-Disciplinary and Multi-Modal Experimental Design for Studying Near-Real-Time Authentic Examination Experiences
08:33

A Cross-Disciplinary and Multi-Modal Experimental Design for Studying Near-Real-Time Authentic Examination Experiences

Published on: September 4, 2019

7.1K
Examining Recall Memory in Infancy and Early Childhood Using the Elicited Imitation Paradigm
06:35

Examining Recall Memory in Infancy and Early Childhood Using the Elicited Imitation Paradigm

Published on: April 28, 2016

34.1K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Aug 16, 2025

Use of Galvanic Skin Responses, Salivary Biomarkers, and Self-reports to Assess Undergraduate Student Performance During a Laboratory Exam Activity
07:32

Use of Galvanic Skin Responses, Salivary Biomarkers, and Self-reports to Assess Undergraduate Student Performance During a Laboratory Exam Activity

Published on: February 10, 2016

9.4K
A Cross-Disciplinary and Multi-Modal Experimental Design for Studying Near-Real-Time Authentic Examination Experiences
08:33

A Cross-Disciplinary and Multi-Modal Experimental Design for Studying Near-Real-Time Authentic Examination Experiences

Published on: September 4, 2019

7.1K
Examining Recall Memory in Infancy and Early Childhood Using the Elicited Imitation Paradigm
06:35

Examining Recall Memory in Infancy and Early Childhood Using the Elicited Imitation Paradigm

Published on: April 28, 2016

34.1K

Area of Science:

  • Educational Psychology
  • Social Neuroscience
  • Child Development

Background:

  • Social relationships are fundamental to human development and learning.
  • Understanding the specific social dynamics that foster academic achievement in children remains an area requiring further investigation.
  • Existing research highlights the importance of social interactions but often lacks detailed analysis of relationship types and their impact on learning.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between different types of social relationships and academic performance in elementary school children.
  • To identify specific social learning strategies and their correlation with educational outcomes.
  • To provide empirical evidence for the role of peer interactions in facilitating classroom learning.

Main Methods:

  • Conducted a behavioral experiment involving a non-anonymous social dilemma with 855 elementary school students across 14 schools in Chile.
  • Utilized networked tablets for synchronous implementation, measuring cooperation and inferring reciprocal and asymmetrical peer relationships.
  • Employed regression models and a difference-in-difference framework to analyze the association between social relationships and academic performance, controlling for various covariates.

Main Results:

  • A significant positive association was found between reciprocity in social relationships and academic performance, even after controlling for individual and class-level factors.
  • Reciprocity was demonstrated to heighten academic performance over consecutive academic semesters.
  • The positive impact of reciprocity on academic performance was more pronounced among the top 20% of students with higher levels of social reciprocity.

Conclusions:

  • Reciprocal social relationships are a key facilitator of academic success in elementary education.
  • Interventions promoting cooperative learning and fostering reciprocal peer interactions may enhance educational outcomes, particularly for high-achieving students.
  • The study provides robust evidence supporting the integration of social relationship dynamics into educational strategies.