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Related Concept Videos

Peripheral Arterial Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Evaluation01:21

Peripheral Arterial Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Evaluation

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Clinical manifestationsPeripheral Arterial Disease (PAD) manifests through a range of symptoms, from the characteristic intermittent claudication to atypical presentations and severe complications in advanced stages. Intermittent claudication, a hallmark symptom of PAD, presents as exercise-induced muscle pain that typically resolves within minutes of rest. This pain is reproducible and stems from inadequate blood flow, leading to the accumulation of lactic acid produced during anaerobic...
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Aneurysm II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies01:21

Aneurysm II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies

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Thoracic, aortic arch and abdominal aneurysms are significant vascular conditions that can present with various clinical manifestations and lead to serious complications. Understanding these manifestations and the appropriate diagnostic studies is essential for effective management and treatment.Thoracic Aortic AneurysmsThoracic aortic aneurysms often remain asymptomatic until they reach a size that impinges on adjacent structures. They typically cause deep, diffuse chest pain that radiates to...
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Peripheral Artery Disease I: Introduction01:30

Peripheral Artery Disease I: Introduction

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Peripheral artery disease (PAD) predominantly results from atherosclerosis, which involves the accumulation of fatty deposits, or plaques, within the walls of arteries. This causes them to narrow and harden, significantly reducing blood flow. PAD predominantly affects the legs, particularly the arteries supplying the thighs and calves. In rare cases, it may involve other arteries, including those in the arms.Etiology of PAD:The principal cause of PAD is atherosclerosis, which results from fatty...
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Overview of Systemic Arteries01:11

Overview of Systemic Arteries

969
The human body is a complex, well-organized machine, and at the heart of its operations lies the circulatory system. This network of blood vessels, which includes systemic arteries, plays a vital role in maintaining life by transporting nutrients, oxygen, and waste products to and from cells throughout the body.
Systemic circulation is the part of the cardiovascular system that carries oxygenated blood away from the heart to the body's tissues and returns deoxygenated blood back to the...
969
Atherosclerosis II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Tests01:27

Atherosclerosis II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Tests

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Atherosclerosis is a progressive disorder that leads to the thickening and narrowing of arterial walls due to plaque buildup. This condition can cause various symptoms depending on the arteries affected:Coronary Artery Disease (CAD): This condition affects the coronary arteries and may lead to chest pain (angina), shortness of breath (dyspnea), heart attacks, and other heart disease symptoms.Cerebrovascular Disease: This affects blood flow to the brain, causing transient ischemic attacks (TIAs)...
26
Aneurysm I: Introduction01:30

Aneurysm I: Introduction

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An aortic aneurysm is a localized outpouching or dilation at a weak point in the artery wall. It may involve different parts of the aorta, such as the abdominal aorta, aortic arch, or thoracic aorta.Etiological factorsSeveral disorders are associated with aortic aneurysms.Congenital causes, such as primary connective tissue disorders like Marfan syndrome, impact the integrity and strength of connective tissues, notably affecting the aorta. Marfan syndrome is a genetic disorder that specifically...
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Updated: Aug 16, 2025

Author Spotlight: Using Point-of-Care Ultrasound for Comprehensive Evaluation of the Abdominal Aorta
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Arterial dissections: Common features and new perspectives.

Monique Bax1,2, Valentin Romanov1,2, Keerat Junday1,2

  • 1Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia.

Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine
|December 23, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Arterial dissections, a group of serious vascular disorders, share common underlying mechanisms and genetic pathways. Understanding these shared features can inform treatments for all types of dissections.

Keywords:
TGF-βaortic dissectionarterial dissectioncervical artery dissection (CeAD)endothelial cells (ECs)extracellular matrixspontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD)vascular smooth muscle cells (VMSCs)

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Science
  • Vascular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Arterial dissections are catastrophic vascular events affecting diverse arteries, often studied in isolation due to varied clinical outcomes.
  • Commonly occurring in young to middle-aged individuals, often with hypertension or migraine, suggesting a generalized vasculopathy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review shared and unique features of arterial dissections across different vascular beds.
  • To provide a comprehensive understanding of these arteriopathies by considering them collectively.

Main Methods:

  • Review of genetic, cellular, and molecular investigations of various arterial dissection types.
  • Analysis of common pathophysiological pathways, including intimal tear, vasa vasorum dysfunction, and signaling pathway disruptions.

Main Results:

  • Striking similarities in pathophysiology across dissection types, involving TGF-β signaling, extracellular matrix, cytoskeleton, and metabolism.
  • Identification of mutations in genes like LRP1, collagen, fibrillin, and TGF-β receptors.
  • Phenotype switching in endothelial and smooth muscle cells from quiescent to proliferative states.

Conclusions:

  • Arterial dissections represent a collective pathology with shared molecular mechanisms, despite distinct clinical presentations.
  • Understanding these commonalities, particularly genetic and cellular pathways, offers therapeutic targets.
  • Leveraging knowledge from well-characterized dissections can inform the management of rarer forms.