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Related Concept Videos

Varicose Veins I: Introduction01:26

Varicose Veins I: Introduction

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Varicose veins, or varicosities, are abnormally dilated and twisted superficial veins caused by venous valve incompetence. This condition commonly affects the lower extremities, especially the saphenous veins, due to the higher pressure from prolonged standing and walking. However, varicosities can also occur in other areas, such as the esophagus, vulva, spermatic cords, and anorectal region.Etiology and typesPrimary varicose veins, often idiopathic, are more common in women due to inherent...
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Venous Thrombosis II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies01:20

Venous Thrombosis II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies

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The key difference between Superficial Vein Thrombosis (SVT) and Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) lies in their location and severity.Clinical ManifestationsSVT typically presents with localized pain, tenderness, and redness along the course of a superficial vein, often accompanied by a palpable, cord-like structure under the skin. This condition is usually less dangerous than DVT but can be uncomfortable and may lead to complications such as cellulitis or, rarely, a clot extension into the deep...
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Venous Thrombosis I: Introduction01:30

Venous Thrombosis I: Introduction

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Venous thrombosis, the most common disorder of the veins, involves the formation of a thrombus or blood clot associated with vein inflammation. It can be classified as either superficial vein thrombosis or deep vein thrombosis.Superficial Vein Thrombosis: This involves the formation of a thrombus in a superficial vein, usually the greater or lesser saphenous vein. Though less severe than deep vein thrombosis (DVT), SVT can lead to complications if untreated.Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT): This...
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Veins01:17

Veins

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Veins are an integral part of our circulatory system, serving as the blood vessels that transport blood from all body regions to the heart. They are a network of hollow tubes that carry blood low in oxygen from the body's cells back to the heart for reoxygenation. Veins are crucial for maintaining the body's overall fluid balance and the continuous circulation of blood.
Structure of Veins:
The structure of veins is specifically designed to assist in the low-pressure transportation of...
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Veins of Lower Limbs01:15

Veins of Lower Limbs

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The human body consists of an intricate network of veins responsible for the crucial task of blood drainage from the lower limbs. These veins can be categorized into two main types: deep veins and superficial veins.
Formed by the union of the medial and lateral plantar veins, the posterior tibial vein, rising through the calf muscle, assimilates the fibular vein. The anterior tibial vein, a superior extension of the foot's dorsalis pedis vein, merges with the posterior tibial vein at the...
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Varicose Veins II: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care01:26

Varicose Veins II: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care

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Varicose veins, or varicosities, develop when the valves in the veins, which control blood flow, weaken or damage. It causes blood to pool and the veins to enlarge. Understanding the clinical manifestations, diagnostic approaches, and management options for varicose veins is crucial for effective treatment and relief.Clinical manifestationsClinical manifestations of varicose veins include a heavy, achy feeling or pain after prolonged standing or sitting. This discomfort can often be relieved by...
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A Patient-Derived Xenograft Model for Venous Malformation
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Venous Malformations.

Nihal D Patel1, Anthony T Chong1, Avani M Kolla2

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Venous malformations are common congenital vascular anomalies. This review covers their genetics, diagnosis, and management, including interventional radiology.

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Area of Science:

  • Vascular Biology
  • Medical Genetics
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Venous malformations (VMs) are the most frequent vascular malformations, originating from disordered blood vessel development.
  • The International Society for the Study of Vascular Anomalies (ISSVA) classification aids in categorizing VMs based on genetics and congenital overgrowth syndromes.
  • VMs can lead to significant physiological and psychosocial issues depending on their characteristics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an updated overview of venous malformations.
  • To discuss the genetics, clinical presentation, diagnostic imaging, and treatment of VMs.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on genetics, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of venous malformations.
  • Inclusion of information on the ISSVA classification.
  • Emphasis on diagnostic imaging modalities and therapeutic strategies.

Main Results:

  • Venous malformations are classified by ISSVA based on genetic factors.
  • Diagnosis involves clinical assessment, ultrasound, MRI, and genetic testing.
  • Interventional radiology (embolization) is a primary treatment, with surgery and molecular therapies as alternatives.

Conclusions:

  • An updated understanding of VM genetics and presentation is crucial.
  • Multimodal diagnostic approaches are essential for accurate evaluation.
  • Interventional radiology, surgery, and targeted therapies offer effective management options.