Study of recovery model implementation in psychiatric hospitals: Clients and multidisciplinary staff perspective

The recovery model guides mental health services. However, the delivery of recovery-oriented services in inpatient settings is still a challenge. Factors affecting recovery model implementation can be classified into three types: the hospital environment, the inpatient and the service provider. This study aims to quantitatively evaluate the impact of environment, inpatient and service provider factors on recovery model implementation in hospitals. Forty-five service providers and 42 inpatients from three types of wards (acute locked, acute open and daycare) of two hospitals participated in this cross-sectional study. We assessed inpatient cognition, functional capacity and illness severity. In addition, we retrieved information on service providers' professional status and evaluated the recovery model knowledge and attitudes. Implementation of the recovery model was measured using the Recovery Self-Assessment, both the inpatient and service provider versions. Differences were found between the three types of wards in recovery orientation as reported by service providers ( $$  = 15.3, P < 0.001), but not by inpatients ( $$  = 2.34, P > 0.05). Providers' internalized knowledge and attitudes toward recovery, inpatients' functional capacity and age of illness onset were associated with recovery implementation (0.31 < r < 0.48, P < 0.05). The findings confirm quantitatively the multilevel nature of factors that affect the implementation of the recovery model in psychiatric hospitals. The inpatients' perspective should be incorporated into the service development process. Based on the study results, the reduction in the restrictive features of the wards' environment is recommended. Promotion of the recovery model implementation in the hospital setting requires the expansion of staff's internal positive attitudes toward recovery.