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Action Potential

Action Potential

Neurons communicate by firing action potentials—the electrochemical signal that is propagated along the axon. The signal results in the release of neurotransmitters at axon terminals, thereby transmitting information to the nervous system. An action potential is a specific "all-or-none" change in membrane potential that results in a rapid spike in voltage.
Membrane potential in neurons
Neurons typically have a resting membrane potential of about -70 millivolts (mV). When they receive...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 2, 2026

In Vivo Two-photon Imaging Of Experience-dependent Molecular Changes In Cortical Neurons

In Vivo Two-photon Imaging Of Experience-dependent Molecular Changes In Cortical Neurons

Published on: January 5, 2013

Studying human neural function in vivo at the cellular level: Chasing chimeras?

Ben Vermaercke¹, Vincent Bonin², Pierre Vanderhaeghen³

¹VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain & Disease Research, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Neuro-Electronics Research Flanders, Kapeldreef 75, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.

|December 23, 2022

Summary

Studying human neurons in vivo is difficult. Transplanting human cortical neurons into rodent brains now enables in vivo study of human neural function and disease.

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Last Updated: May 2, 2026

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Human brain function
Neural disease modeling

Background:

Studying human neurons in vivo is crucial for understanding brain function and dysfunction.
Existing methods for in vivo human neuron study are limited.

Purpose of the Study:

To explore novel approaches for studying human neurons in vivo.
To investigate the potential of human cortical neuron transplantation in rodent models.

Main Methods:

Transplantation of human cortical neurons into the rodent brain.
In vivo analysis of transplanted human neuron function at molecular and circuit levels.

Main Results:

Successful transplantation and integration of human cortical neurons in the rodent brain.
Demonstrated feasibility of studying human neural function and disease in vivo.

Conclusions:

Human cortical neuron transplantation into rodent brains provides a viable model.
This approach opens new avenues for in vivo research on human neural processes and pathologies.