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Related Concept Videos

Electron Microscope Tomography and Single-particle Reconstruction01:07

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Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) can be used to determine the 3D structure of biological samples with the help of techniques such as electron microscope tomography and single-particle reconstruction. While single-particle reconstruction can examine macromolecules and macromolecular complexes in vitro conditions only, tomography permits the study of cell components or small cells in vivo.
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A proteome is the entire set of proteins that a cell type produces. We can study proteomes using the knowledge of genomes because genes code for mRNAs, and the mRNAs encode proteins. Although mRNA analysis is a step in the right direction, not all mRNAs are translated into proteins.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 16, 2025

Spatial Profiling of Protein and RNA Expression in Tissue: An Approach to Fine-Tune Virtual Microdissection
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Spatial proteomics in three-dimensional intact specimens.

Harsharan Singh Bhatia1, Andreas-David Brunner2, Furkan Öztürk3

  • 1Insititute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine (iTERM), Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany.

Cell
|December 23, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

DISCO-MS is a new technology for 3D spatial molecular profiling of whole organs and organisms. It enables detailed proteome analysis of tissues, revealing insights into complex diseases like Alzheimer's and brain injury.

Keywords:
AIAlzheimer’sTBIdeep learninghuman heartmass spectrometryproteomicsroboticsspatial-omicstissue clearing

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Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology
  • Proteomics
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Spatial molecular profiling is crucial for understanding cellular functions in health and disease.
  • Existing methods lack the capacity for molecular analysis of large, 3D-imaged biological specimens.
  • There is a need for technologies that can analyze the spatial distribution of molecules within entire organs or organisms.

Discussion:

  • DISCO-MS integrates tissue clearing, 3D imaging, AI-driven image analysis, robotic extraction, and mass spectrometry.
  • This technology provides high-sensitivity proteome data comparable to traditional methods, even from cleared samples.
  • It allows for unbiased proteome analysis of entire preclinical and clinical tissues in 3D.

Key Insights:

  • DISCO-MS successfully mapped microglia activation in response to brain injury.
  • The technology characterized distinct amyloid-beta plaque stages in an Alzheimer's disease mouse model.
  • Robotic extraction with DISCO-MS revealed regional immune cell heterogeneity in intact mouse bodies and human aortic plaques.

Outlook:

  • DISCO-MS offers a powerful platform for unbiased, high-resolution spatial proteome analysis of complex biological systems.
  • It has the potential to uncover novel diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets for various diseases.
  • Future applications include studying tissue heterogeneity and cellular interactions in both research and clinical settings.