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Muscles for Facial Expressions

Muscles for Facial Expressions

The craniofacial muscles are a collection of approximately 20 thin skeletal muscles situated beneath the skin of the face and scalp. These muscles, primarily responsible for the vast array of human facial expressions, originate from the bones or fibrous structures of the skull and extend outwards to connect with the skin. While most skeletal muscles in the body are enveloped in thick fascia, facial muscles generally have a more delicate fascial covering, with the buccinator muscle being a...

Muscles of the Anterior Neck

Muscles of the Anterior Neck

The anterior neck muscles are the group of muscles covering the front part of the neck. These muscles are classified into three subgroups. The first one is the superficial muscles, the most visible muscles in the front of the neck. It includes the platysma and sternocleidomastoid. The second group is the suprahyoid muscles, located above the hyoid bone. This group comprises the digastric, mylohyoid, geniohyoid, and stylohyoid. Lastly, the infrahyoid muscles are found below the hyoid bone and...

Muscles of the Shoulder

Muscles of the Shoulder

The muscles surrounding the shoulder girdle, including the clavicle and scapula, primarily stabilize the scapula. This stable base allows other muscles to move the humerus effectively. Scapular movements often mirror those of the humerus and extend its range of motion. For instance, raising the arm above the head would not be feasible without simultaneous upward rotation of the scapula.
Anterior Thoracic Muscles
The anterior thoracic muscles include the serratus anterior, subclavius, and...

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Single-stage Dynamic Reanimation of the Smile in Irreversible Facial Paralysis by Free Functional Muscle Transfer

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Published on: March 1, 2015

Subperiosteal Midface Lift with Sub-Superficial Musculoaponeuritic System Rhytidectomy.

James P Manning^1,2, Vito C Quatela³

¹Department of Facial Plastic Surgery, Quatela Center for Plastic Surgery, Rochester, New York.

Facial Plastic Surgery : FPS

|December 23, 2022

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

The subperiosteal midface lift improves midface volume and nasolabial folds. Combining it with sub-SMAS rhytidectomy enhances jawline definition and neck contour for comprehensive facial rejuvenation.

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Area of Science:

Plastic Surgery
Facial Anatomy
Reconstructive Surgery

Background:

The subperiosteal midface lift effectively repositions the deep medial cheek (SOOF) and malar fat pad.
This technique softens deep nasolabial folds but has limited impact on lower facial aging concerns.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the combined efficacy of subperiosteal midface lift and extended sub-SMAS rhytidectomy.
To assess improvements in the jowl, jawline, gonial angle, and cervicomental angle.

Main Methods:

Subperiosteal midface lift combined with extended sub-SMAS (superficial musculoaponeurotic system) rhytidectomy.
Release of the mandibular ligament and transposition/suspension of SMAS and platysma flaps.

Main Results:

The combined approach effectively addresses the pre-jowl sulcus and enhances jawline definition.
Improved support of submandibular glands and deepening of the cervicomental angle were observed.

Conclusions:

The combination of subperiosteal midface lift and extended sub-SMAS rhytidectomy offers significant advantages for lower facial rejuvenation.
This combined surgical strategy provides comprehensive facial contouring and addresses aging concerns in the midface and lower face.