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Updated: Aug 16, 2025

Anti-Nuclear Antibody Screening Using HEp-2 Cells
Published on: June 23, 2014
Uncommon types of autoantibodies - Detection and clinical associations
Małgorzata Staruszkiewicz1, Anna Pituch-Noworolska2, Szymon Skoczen3
1Department of Pathology, University Children's Hospital, Krakow, Poland.
Abstract:
Immunofluorescence is a basic method for detection of autoantibodies in serum. It is used as screening for people with symptoms suggesting autoimmune process and disease. Antinuclear antibodies (ANA) assay detecting antibodies against nuclear proteins used commonly for diagnosis of systemic autoimmune disease, although antibodies against cytoplasmic components and mitotic structures are usable in clinic. The majority of ANA nuclear patterns have been comprehensively studied with increasing data. However, the cytoplasmic and mitotic patterns are underestimated and still require further assessment. In this review the clinical associations and significance of uncommon types of autoantibodies are presented and discussed.
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