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Related Concept Videos

Endocarditis II: Clinical Features of Infective Endocarditis01:25

Endocarditis II: Clinical Features of Infective Endocarditis

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Endocarditis can present various clinical features depending on the causative organism and the patient's underlying health conditions. Initially, the clinical features of infective endocarditis develop gradually, presenting with nonspecific symptoms that can be easily mistaken for other illnesses.General SymptomsEarly symptoms of infective endocarditis are fever, chills, weakness, malaise, fatigue, and weight loss. These symptoms reflect the systemic nature of the infection and the body's...
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Endocarditis I: Introduction01:25

Endocarditis I: Introduction

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Introduction:Endocarditis is the infection of the endocardium, the inner lining of the heart and its valves. When the heart muscle is involved, the condition is termed myocarditis, while an infection of the outer lining is called pericarditis. Infective endocarditis (IE) primarily affects the endocardium, where pathogens adhere to the valves or lining, forming vegetation that can lead to severe complications. Infective endocarditis occurs when microorganisms, usually bacteria from other body...
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Endocarditis III: Medical Management01:18

Endocarditis III: Medical Management

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Infective endocarditis management involves a multifaceted approach encompassing infection prevention, lifestyle modifications, pharmacological therapy, and surgical management.Infection Prevention:Hand Hygiene: Thorough handwashing is crucial to prevent the spread of infection. Hand hygiene should be performed regularly, especially before and after using the restroom.Oral Hygiene: Good oral hygiene is essential. It includes brushing teeth immediately after waking up and before bed, flossing...
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Endocarditis IV: Nursing Management01:29

Endocarditis IV: Nursing Management

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Infective endocarditis (IE) is a chronic infection of the heart's endocardium, primarily affecting the heart valves. A detailed nursing assessment for a patient with IE involves collecting subjective and objective data to ensure an accurate diagnosis and timely intervention.Subjective DataThe nurse gathers information about the patient's symptoms and complaints during the subjective assessment. Patients with infective endocarditis often report non-specific symptoms that can mimic other...
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Myocarditis I: Introduction01:21

Myocarditis I: Introduction

19
Myocarditis is inflammation of the myocardium, which is the muscular layer of the heart.EtiologyMyocarditis has a diverse etiology, including a wide range of infectious and non-infectious causes:Infectious CausesViral: Common viruses include Coxsackie A and B, adenovirus, parvovirus B19, enteroviruses, and influenza A.Bacterial: Examples include infections caused by Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, and Mycoplasma species.Rickettsial: Infections like Rocky Mountain spotted fever can result in...
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Pericarditis I: Introduction01:22

Pericarditis I: Introduction

16
Pericarditis is defined as the inflammation of the pericardium, the thin, sac-like membrane surrounding the heart. This condition can cause significant chest pain and other symptoms, often necessitating medical intervention. The pericardium has two layers: the inner visceral layer and the outer parietal layer, separated by a small amount of fluid that reduces friction during heartbeats.Types of PericarditisPericarditis can be classified into several types based on the duration and nature of the...
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Correction to: Cryptococcus neoformans endocarditis in an immunocompetentpatient a case report.

BMC cardiovascular disorders·2023
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Cryptococcus neoformans endocarditis in an immunocompetentpatient a case report.

Colin N McGuire1, Dylan J Walter2

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine, MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, 3800 Reservoir Rd NW, Washington, DC, 20007, USA.

BMC Cardiovascular Disorders
|December 23, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Cryptococcus neoformans can cause invasive fungal infections, typically in immunocompromised individuals. This case highlights native valve endocarditis in a patient without immunosuppression, emphasizing the need for broader clinical suspicion.

Keywords:
Cryptococcal endocarditisCryptococcal fungemia cardiac manifestationsCryptococcal infection in heart failureCryptococcus neoformans valvular disease

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Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Cardiology
  • Mycology

Background:

  • Cryptococcus neoformans commonly causes pneumonia or meningitis in immunocompromised patients.
  • Endocarditis due to C. neoformans is rare, predominantly reported in immunosuppressed individuals with cardiac devices or prosthetic valves.

Observation:

  • A patient with substance abuse disorder and heart failure presented with fever, altered mental status, and embolic phenomena.
  • Native tricuspid valve vegetations and positive blood cultures for C. neoformans were identified in the absence of immunosuppression.

Findings:

  • This case represents a rare instance of native valve endocarditis caused by Cryptococcus neoformans.
  • Fungal fungemia typically presents as pulmonary or meningeal infections, with endocarditis being an infrequent manifestation.

Implications:

  • Clinicians should maintain a high index of suspicion for C. neoformans endocarditis, even in non-immunosuppressed patients with native valves.
  • The findings challenge the traditional understanding of C. neoformans as solely an opportunistic pathogen in specific patient groups.