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Related Concept Videos

Cell Adhesion in Plants01:14

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Plants have rigid cell walls that are made up of cell wall polysaccharides that mediate cell-cell adhesion. The primary cell walls of plants consist of two independent and interacting polysaccharide networks: a pectin matrix that embeds the second network comprising cellulose and hemicelluloses.
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Modification of secretory and transmembrane proteins entering the rough ER begins in the ER lumen. These modifications aid in protein folding and stabilize the acquired tertiary structure. Protein modifications in the rough ER co-occur at different stages of protein folding.
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Phosphoinositides are a group of phospholipids containing a glycerol backbone with two fatty acid chains and a phosphate attached to a myoinositol sugar ring. The inositol head group extends into the cytoplasm, where it is modified by adding phosphate groups to form phosphatidylinositol phosphates or PIPs.
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Anchoring junctions are multiprotein complexes that help cells connect to other cells and the extracellular matrix. Anchoring junctions are present on the lateral and basal surfaces of cells, providing strong and flexible connections. Focal adhesions are often formed due to cell interactions with the ECM substrata, which initiate signal transduction via kinase cascades and other mechanisms. Together, they provide stability and tissue integrity. There are three types of anchoring junctions:...
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 Every plant cell has a cell wall that protects the cell, provides structural support, and gives the cell shape. Cellulose, the main structural component of the plant cell wall, makes up over 30% of plant matter. It is the most abundant organic compound on earth.  Cellulose is an unbranched polysaccharide composed of linear chains of glucose molecules linked by β (1→4) glycosidic bonds.
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Updated: Aug 16, 2025

Double-Staining Method to Detect Pectin in Plant-Fungus Interaction
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Double-Staining Method to Detect Pectin in Plant-Fungus Interaction

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Pectin modifications at the symbiotic interface.

Chao Su1

  • 1Plant Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany.

The New Phytologist
|December 24, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Plant cell walls protect against pathogens but allow beneficial microbes. The PECTIN METHYLESTERASE (PME)-PECTIN LYASE/PECTINOLYTIC GROUP (PL/PG) pathway modifies pectin, facilitating symbiotic root associations.

Keywords:
cell wallpectinsymbiosissymbiotic interfacewall-associated kinases

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Identification of Post-translational Modifications of Plant Protein Complexes
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Area of Science:

  • Plant Biology
  • Microbiology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Plant cell walls provide structural support and defense against pathogens.
  • Mutualistic symbioses with microbes like fungi and rhizobia require plant cell wall modifications for colonization.
  • Limited understanding of molecular mechanisms governing cell wall changes during beneficial plant-microbe interactions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To discuss the role of the PECTIN METHYLESTERASE (PME)-PECTIN LYASE/PECTINOLYTIC GROUP (PL/PG) pathway in mediating cell wall pectin modifications at the symbiotic interface.
  • To highlight research directions for understanding beneficial root symbioses.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent studies on plant-microbe symbioses and cell wall composition.
  • Focus on the PME-PL/PG pathway's function in pectin modification.
  • Analysis of molecular players involved in symbiotic colonization.

Main Results:

  • The PME-PL/PG pathway is a key mediator of pectin modifications in plant cell walls during symbiotic interactions.
  • These modifications are crucial for enabling microbial entry and colonization of plant tissues.
  • Specific molecular players involved in this pathway are essential for establishing beneficial root symbioses.

Conclusions:

  • The PME-PL/PG pathway plays a critical role in facilitating beneficial plant-microbe symbioses through cell wall pectin remodeling.
  • Further research is needed to fully elucidate the molecular mechanisms and functional roles of these players.
  • Understanding these processes can lead to enhanced strategies for establishing and managing symbiotic associations in agriculture.