Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Gauss's Law: Planar Symmetry

Gauss's Law: Planar Symmetry

A planar symmetry of charge density is obtained when charges are uniformly spread over a large flat surface. In planar symmetry, all points in a plane parallel to the plane of charge are identical with respect to the charges. Suppose the plane of the charge distribution is the xy-plane, and the electric field at a space point P with coordinates (x, y, z) is to be determined. Since the charge density is the same at all (x, y) - coordinates in the z = 0 plane, by symmetry, the electric field at P...

Gauss's Law: Cylindrical Symmetry

Gauss's Law: Cylindrical Symmetry

A charge distribution has cylindrical symmetry if the charge density depends only upon the distance from the axis of the cylinder and does not vary along the axis or with the direction about the axis. In other words, if a system varies if it is rotated around the axis or shifted along the axis, it does not have cylindrical symmetry. In real systems, we do not have infinite cylinders; however, if the cylindrical object is considerably longer than the radius from it that we are interested in,...

Gauss's Law: Spherical Symmetry

Gauss's Law: Spherical Symmetry

A charge distribution has spherical symmetry if the density of charge depends only on the distance from a point in space and not on the direction. In other words, if the system is rotated, it doesn't look different. For instance, if a sphere of radius R is uniformly charged with charge density ρ0, then the distribution has spherical symmetry. On the other hand, if a sphere of radius R is charged so that the top half of the sphere has a uniform charge density ρ1 and the bottom half...

Region of Convergence of Laplace Tarnsform

Region of Convergence of Laplace Tarnsform

The Region of Convergence (ROC) is a fundamental concept in signal processing and system analysis, particularly associated with the Laplace transform. The ROC represents an area in the complex plane where the Laplace transform of a given signal converges, determining the transform's applicability and utility.
Consider a decaying exponential signal that begins at a specific time. When deriving its Laplace transform, the time-domain variable is replaced with a complex variable. This...

Gauss's Law in Dielectrics

Gauss's Law in Dielectrics

Consider a polar dielectric placed in an external field. In such a dielectric, opposite charges on adjacent dipoles neutralize each other, such that the net charge within the dielectric is zero. When a polar dielectric is inserted in between the capacitor plates, an electric field is generated due to the presence of net charges near the edge of the dielectric and the metal plates interface. Since the external electrical field merely aligns the dipoles, the dielectric as a whole is neutral. An...

Computed Tomography

Computed Tomography

Tomography refers to imaging by sections. Computed tomography (CT) is a non-invasive imaging technique that uses computers to analyze several cross-sectional X-rays to reveal minute details about structures in the body.
The technique was invented in the 1970s and is based on the principle that as X-rays pass through the body, they are absorbed or reflected at different levels. In the technique, a patient lies on a motorized platform while a computerized axial tomography (CAT) scanner rotates...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Accurate and scalable deep Maxwell solvers.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026

Same author

Freeform Mode-Engineered Metasurfaces.

Nano letters·2026

Same author

3D nanolithography with metalens arrays and spatially adaptive illumination.

Nature·2025

Same author

A multi-agentic framework for real-time, autonomous freeform metasurface design.

Science advances·2025

Same author

Magnetically Tunable Polariton Cavities in van der Waals Heterostructures.

Nano letters·2025

Same author

Hydrogel-to-Aerogel Transitions in Polymer-Particle Hydrogels Expand the Wildfire Defense Window.

ACS applied materials & interfaces·2025

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 16, 2025

Fabricating Metamaterials Using the Fiber Drawing Method

Fabricating Metamaterials Using the Fiber Drawing Method

Published on: October 18, 2012

Conformal Volumetric Grayscale Metamaterials.

Qinglan Huang¹, Lucia T Gan¹, Jonathan A Fan¹

¹Department of Electrical Engineering, E.L. Ginzton Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.

Advanced Materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)

|December 24, 2022

Summary

Researchers developed conformal grayscale metamaterials, a new volumetric electromagnetic medium. These advanced metamaterials enable complex, freeform designs for multifunctional optical engineering applications.

Keywords:

conformal materials electromagnetic metamaterials grayscale multifunctional materials

More Related Videos

Demonstration of Equal-Intensity Beam Generation by Dielectric Metasurfaces

Demonstration of Equal-Intensity Beam Generation by Dielectric Metasurfaces

Published on: June 7, 2019

Characterizing Dissipative Elastic Metamaterials Produced by Additive Manufacturing

Characterizing Dissipative Elastic Metamaterials Produced by Additive Manufacturing

Published on: June 28, 2024

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Aug 16, 2025

Fabricating Metamaterials Using the Fiber Drawing Method

Fabricating Metamaterials Using the Fiber Drawing Method

Published on: October 18, 2012

Demonstration of Equal-Intensity Beam Generation by Dielectric Metasurfaces

Demonstration of Equal-Intensity Beam Generation by Dielectric Metasurfaces

Published on: June 7, 2019

Characterizing Dissipative Elastic Metamaterials Produced by Additive Manufacturing

Characterizing Dissipative Elastic Metamaterials Produced by Additive Manufacturing

Published on: June 28, 2024

Area of Science:

Electromagnetism
Materials Science
Optical Engineering

Background:

Conformal artificial electromagnetic media offer tunable responses based on wavelength and angle.
Metamaterials are crucial for advanced optical engineering components.

Purpose of the Study:

Introduce conformal grayscale metamaterials as a novel volumetric electromagnetic medium.
Enable highly multiplexed responses and arbitrary curvilinear form factors.
Facilitate freeform design for high figures of merit (FOMs).

Main Methods:

Design subwavelength-scale voxels with irregular shapes to achieve a continuum of dielectric values.
Utilize additive manufacturing of ceramic-polymer composites for fabrication.
Experimentally demonstrate microwave metamaterials in the 8-12 GHz range.

Main Results:

Successfully fabricated microwave metamaterials with extreme dispersion profiles.
Demonstrated an airfoil-shaped beam-steering device.
Showcased a broadband, broad-angle conformal carpet cloak.

Conclusions:

Conformal volumetric metamaterials represent a significant advancement in electromagnetic media.
These materials enable the creation of compact and multifunctional devices.
Anticipated impact on future imaging, sensing, and communication systems.