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Cataracts.

Maria Vittoria Cicinelli1, John C Buchan2, Maneck Nicholson3

  • 1School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy; Department of Ophthalmology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.

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|December 24, 2022
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cataract causes global blindness, but is treatable and avoidable. Improving access to cost-effective cataract surgery through universal health coverage is key to reducing visual impairment worldwide.

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Public Health
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • Cataract is the leading cause of global blindness, affecting 94 million people and decreasing quality of life.
  • Ageing and oxidative stress are primary causes of age-related cataracts, alongside modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors.
  • Most blindness is avoidable, highlighting the need for accessible and effective interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current landscape of cataract blindness.
  • To discuss the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of cataract surgery.
  • To identify challenges and solutions for universal access to cataract surgical services.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of global blindness statistics and cataract epidemiology.
  • Analysis of cataract treatment modalities, focusing on phacoemulsification with intraocular lens implantation.
  • Examination of trends in cataract surgical services and barriers to access.

Main Results:

  • Phacoemulsification with intraocular lens implantation is a highly effective and cost-effective treatment for cataracts.
  • Comprehensive cataract surgical services are expanding, but significant global inequities persist.
  • Advancements in surgical technology and preoperative assessment enable earlier intervention and improved outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • Accessible and equitable cataract surgical services are crucial for reducing global blindness.
  • Universal health coverage is essential to overcome existing barriers and ensure widespread access.
  • Continued innovation and implementation strategies are needed to address the global burden of cataract-induced vision impairment.