Influence of daily temperature on the occurrence of ST-elevation myocardial infarction
Satomi Kobayashi1, Kenichi Sakakura1, Hiroyuki Jinnouchi1
1Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University, Saitama City, Japan.
Insights
Lower daily maximum temperatures are associated with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) events. This association is more pronounced in elderly and male individuals, highlighting temperature as a potential environmental risk factor for STEMI.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Environmental Health
- Epidemiology
Background:
- Previous epidemiological studies suggest a link between cold weather and acute myocardial infarction (AMI).
- However, these studies often did not differentiate between types of AMI, specifically ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI).
- This research specifically investigates the correlation between ambient temperature and STEMI occurrence.
Approach:
- A retrospective analysis of daily temperature data in Saitama City from January 2015 to December 2021 was conducted.
- Data were categorized into days with and without STEMI admissions to a local institution.
- Daily maximum temperatures were compared between these two groups.
Key Points:
- Daily maximum temperatures were significantly lower on days with STEMI admissions compared to days without STEMI (20.0°C vs. 21.2°C, p=0.001).
- This association was more significant in elderly (19.9°C vs. 21.1°C, p=0.003) and male patients (20.0°C vs. 21.1°C, p=0.002).
- The trend was less pronounced in non-elderly and female populations.
Conclusions:
- Lower daily temperatures are significantly associated with an increased incidence of STEMI.
- The impact of temperature on STEMI occurrence is more pronounced in elderly individuals and males.
- Environmental temperature is a critical factor to consider in STEMI risk assessment and prevention strategies.
Background:
Epidemiological studies reported that acute myocardial infarction (AMI) occurs more often in winter season or days with low temperatures. However, most of these studies did not distinguish ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) from AMI. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between temperature and the occurrence of STEMI.
Methods:
We reviewed all daily temperature in Saitama City between January 2015 and December 2021 (2557 days) and divided them into days in which our institution received STEMI (days with STEMI) and days in which our institution did not receive STEMI (days without STEMI).
Results:
The daily maximum temperature was significantly lower in days with STEMI than in days without STEMI [20.0 °C (68.0 °F) versus 21.2 °C (70.2 °F), p = 0.001]. The maximum temperature was significantly lower in days with STEMI than in days without STEMI in the elderly [19.9 °C (67.8 °F) versus 21.1 °C (70.0 °F), p = 0.003], whereas this trend was weaker in the non-elderly [20.2 °C (68.4 °F) versus 20.9 °C (69.6 °F), p = 0.171]. Furthermore, the maximum temperature was significantly lower in days with STEMI than in days without STEMI in male [20.0 °C (68.0 °F) versus 21.1 °C (70.0 °F), p = 0.002], whereas this trend was weaker in females [20.0 °C (68.0 °F) versus 20.9 °C (69.6 °F), p = 0.169].
Conclusions:
The daily temperatures were significantly lower in days with STEMI than in days without STEMI, and this relationship was pronounced in elderly or male patients.
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