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Rheumatic Heart Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies01:22

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The key clinical manifestations of Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) include several distinct cardiac symptoms.Carditis, a hallmark of acute rheumatic fever, involves inflammation of the heart's endocardium, myocardium, and pericardium. Chronic RHD often results from recurrent episodes of carditis. Its symptoms include the following:Murmurs are caused by valvular damage, especially to the mitral and aortic valves. Mitral stenosis or regurgitation is common, with characteristic heart murmurs...
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Relative Risk01:12

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Relative risk (RR) is a statistical measure commonly used in epidemiology to compare the likelihood of a particular event occurring between two groups. This metric is important for evaluating the relationship between exposure to a specific risk factor and the probability of a particular outcome. It plays a crucial role in medical research, public health studies, and risk assessment. Relative risk quantifies how much more (or less) likely an event is to occur in an exposed group compared to an...
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Rheumatic heart disease or RHD is a chronic condition that results from rheumatic fever, causing permanent damage to the heart valves.Etiology and Risk FactorsIt primarily arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory disease that can develop after untreated or inadequately treated group A streptococcal (GAS) pharyngitis. Streptococcus spreads through direct contact with oral or respiratory secretions. While the bacteria are the causative agents, factors like malnutrition, overcrowding, poor...
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Biopharmaceutical studies constitute a vital field aiming to enhance drug delivery methods and refine therapeutic approaches, drawing upon diverse interdisciplinary knowledge. In research methodologies, the choice between controlled and non-controlled studies significantly influences the study's reliability and accuracy.
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Calcium-Scoring CT ScanA calcium-scoring CT scan, also known as coronary artery calcium (CAC) scan, detects calcium deposits in the coronary arteries. This test assesses the risk of coronary artery disease (CAD), which can lead to cardiovascular events such as angina, heart failure, and sudden cardiac arrest.A calcium-scoring CT scan is generally recommended for individuals at intermediate risk of CAD without symptoms. It includes:Men aged 40-75 and women aged 50-75: Especially those with a...
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Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) management can be divided into two main strategies: prevention and long-term management.Primary PreventionPrimary prevention focuses on timely diagnosis and management of group A streptococcal pharyngitis to prevent acute rheumatic fever. The most widely used antibiotic for treating this condition is intramuscular benzathine penicillin G.Acute Rheumatic Fever TreatmentThe primary treatment goal for a patient diagnosed with acute rheumatic fever is to suppress the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 16, 2025

Author Spotlight: Enhancing Rheumatoid Arthritis Research Through HR-pQCT Imaging Analysis
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Comparison Of Cvd Risk Assessment Via Qrisk®2 Vs Reynolds Risk Score In Inflammatory Joint Diseases.

Fozia Fatima1, Farzana Hakim2, Umer Ul Haq1

  • 1Department of Rheumatology.

Journal of Ayub Medical College, Abbottabad : JAMC
|December 25, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Rheumatologists should be aware that QRISK®2 and Reynolds Risk Score do not correlate when assessing cardiovascular disease risk in patients with inflammatory joint diseases. This finding impacts routine patient screening protocols.

Keywords:
Cardiovascular risk; QRISK®2; SCORE chart; StatinsRheumatoid Arthritis

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Area of Science:

  • Rheumatology
  • Cardiology
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Patients with inflammatory joint diseases face elevated cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk.
  • Effective screening tools are crucial for rheumatologists to manage this risk.
  • Current screening methods require comparative analysis for accuracy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the performance of QRISK®2 and Reynolds Risk Score in assessing CVD risk.
  • To determine the correlation between these two widely used risk assessment tools in a specific patient cohort.

Main Methods:

  • A cohort of 401 patients with inflammatory joint diseases was analyzed.
  • Cardiovascular disease risk was calculated using both QRISK®2 and Reynolds Risk Score.
  • Statistical analysis was performed to assess the correlation between the two scoring systems.

Main Results:

  • No significant correlation was observed between the QRISK®2 and Reynolds Risk Score results (p>0.05).
  • The findings suggest discordance between the two risk assessment tools in this population.

Conclusions:

  • QRISK®2 and Reynolds Risk Score may not be interchangeable for cardiovascular risk assessment in patients with inflammatory joint diseases.
  • Further research is needed to validate appropriate screening tools for this high-risk group.