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Microbial remediation and plant-microbe interaction under arsenic pollution
Gaurav Raturi1, Anchal Chaudhary1, Varnika Rana2
1National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali, India; Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India.
The Science of the Total Environment
|December 25, 2022
Summary
Microorganisms are crucial for remediating arsenic (As) contamination in soil. Microbial strategies, including genetic engineering, offer potent solutions for mitigating arsenic toxicity in ecosystems.
Area of Science:
- Environmental Science
- Microbiology
- Bioremediation
Background:
- Arsenic contamination poses a significant threat to aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems.
- Arsenic speciation, particularly the highly toxic As(III), dictates its environmental impact.
- Remediation of arsenic-polluted water and soil is essential for ecosystem and human health.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the role of microorganisms in mitigating arsenic toxicity in soil.
- To discuss factors influencing microbial arsenic remediation.
- To explore plant-microbe interactions and genetic engineering for enhanced bioremediation.
Main Methods:
- Review of microbial remediation strategies for arsenic.
- Analysis of factors affecting microbial arsenic transformation.
- Examination of plant-microbe interactions in arsenic-contaminated environments.
- Assessment of genetic engineering applications in arsenic bioremediation.
Main Results:
- Microbial processes like oxidation, methylation, biosorption, bioprecipitation, and bioaccumulation are effective in arsenic remediation.
- Microorganisms significantly influence plant arsenic tolerance mechanisms.
- Genetic engineering enhances microbial potency and adaptability for bioremediation.
Conclusions:
- Microorganisms play a vital role in arsenic toxicity amelioration in soil.
- Understanding microbial remediation factors and plant interactions is key.
- Genetic engineering of microbes presents a promising avenue for advanced arsenic bioremediation strategies.
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