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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 16, 2025

A Piglet Model of Neonatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy
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Unilateral delayed post-hypoxic leukoencephalopathy: a case report.

Johannes A R Pfaff1, Lukas Machegger2, Eugen Trinka3,4,5,6

  • 1Department of Neuroradiology, Christian Doppler Medical Center, Paracelsus Medical University, Ignaz-Harrer-Straße 79, 5020, Salzburg, Austria. j.pfaff@salk.at.

Journal of Medical Case Reports
|December 25, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Delayed post-hypoxic leukoencephalopathy can occur after acute ischemic stroke, not just global hypoxia. This rare condition presents with cognitive decline and specific MRI findings in the affected brain area.

Keywords:
Carotid artery, internal, dissectionCase reportsHypoxia-ischemia, brainIschemic strokeLeukoencephalopathies

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Neuroimaging
  • Stroke Medicine

Background:

  • Delayed post-hypoxic leukoencephalopathy (DPHL) is a rare neurological disorder typically associated with global hypoxic events.
  • Previously, DPHL has not been documented in the context of acute ischemic stroke.

Observation:

  • A case report details an 81-year-old man with left carotid artery occlusion who initially improved after endovascular therapy.
  • The patient subsequently experienced significant cognitive deterioration, followed by recovery over several weeks.
  • Magnetic resonance imaging revealed changes consistent with DPHL, localized to the left anterior circulation.

Findings:

  • This case highlights that DPHL's clinical and radiological manifestations can arise from focal ischemia due to large vessel occlusion.
  • The observed leukoencephalopathy was unilateral, corresponding to the affected vascular territory.

Implications:

  • The findings expand the understanding of DPHL's etiology beyond global hypoxia.
  • This suggests a need to consider DPHL in the differential diagnosis of delayed neurological deterioration after stroke, even without preceding global hypoxia.