Cell surface-nanoengineering for cancer targeting immunoregulation and precise immunotherapy.

Area of Science:

• Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease
• Emerging Technologies in Therapeutic Approaches
• Cells at the Nanoscale

Background:

• Living cells offer innate advantages for cancer therapy, including tumor targeting and immunomodulation.
• Challenges include cell fragility in the tumor microenvironment (TME) and limited therapeutic efficacy.
• Cell surface nanoengineering emerges as a strategy to overcome these limitations.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review cell surface nanoengineering strategies for cancer therapy.
• To highlight the combination of cell properties with nanomaterials for enhanced therapeutic functions.
• To discuss applications in targeted drug delivery, immune regulation, and antitumor therapy.

Main Methods:

• Systematic review of cell surface engineering with nanomaterials.
• Focus on living cell nano-backpacks and cell membrane-mimicking nanoparticles (NPs).
• Analysis of various functional NPs and cell types for therapeutic applications.

Main Results:

• Cell surface nanoengineering integrates cell activities with nanomaterials, creating novel therapeutic functions.
• Strategies like nano-backpacks and membrane-mimicking NPs show promise for targeted drug delivery.
• Nanoengineered cells can regulate the immune microenvironment for precise antitumor therapy.

Conclusions:

• Cell surface nanoengineering represents a significant advancement in cell-based cancer therapy.
• This approach offers improved efficacy, targeting, and immune modulation.
• Further research and clinical translation hold promise for future cancer treatment applications.