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Related Concept Videos

Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics01:29

Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics

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Microorganisms play a fundamental role in vaccine development, gene therapy, and therapeutic production. Their biological properties are harnessed to advance medicine and public health. Beyond immunization, microorganisms contribute to gut health, antibiotic synthesis, and genetic disease treatment.Live Attenuated and Inactivated VaccinesLive attenuated vaccines, such as the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine, utilize weakened forms of pathogens to closely resemble natural infections.
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Drug Delivery: Overview01:16

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The selection of a drug's delivery route depends upon its physicochemical properties, including lipid or water solubility and ionization, as well as the therapeutic requirement, such as immediate or sustained effect. These routes can be divided into three primary categories: enteral, parenteral, and topical.
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Preclinical development consists of a series of tests that ensure the safety and efficacy of a new therapeutic compound before it is tested in humans. There are four main phases to this process. First, safety pharmacology tests are conducted to ensure the drug does not produce any acutely harmful effects. These tests examine parameters such as bronchoconstriction, cardiac dysrhythmias, blood pressure changes, and ataxia. Next, preliminary toxicological testing is performed to determine the...
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Understanding drugs, drug products, and their performance in pharmaceutical science is pivotal. Drugs, whether simple molecules or complex compounds, are designed to interact with the body's biological systems to diagnose, treat, or prevent diseases. Drug products include various delivery systems such as tablets, capsules, injections, and inhalers. The performance of these drug products is gauged by their ability to deliver the active ingredient to the desired site of action at the...
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The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
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Drug Discovery: Overview01:26

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Drug discovery is a multifaceted process involving extensive screening, testing, and optimization of lead compounds to identify potential new drugs for therapeutic use. It combines several approaches, including screening large numbers of natural products, chemical modification of known active molecules, identification of new drug targets, and rational design based on biological mechanisms and drug-receptor structure. These approaches are carried out in both academic research laboratories and...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 16, 2025

Synthesis of Stimuli-responsive Nanogels using Aqueous One-step Crosslinking and Co-nanopolymerization
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Nanomedicine-based commercial formulations: current developments and future prospects.

Raj Kumar Thapa1, Jong Oh Kim2

  • 1Pharmacy Program, Gandaki University, Gyankunja, Pokhara-32, Kaski, Nepal.

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|December 26, 2022
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Nanomedicine formulations offer targeted drug delivery for complex diseases like cancer. This review covers their development, approved products, and challenges, highlighting the need for rigorous studies and guidelines for safe and effective use.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Nanomedicine
  • Drug Delivery Systems
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Nanomedicine formulations have increased significantly due to advantages in controlled/targeted drug delivery.
  • These formulations offer enhanced efficacy and reduced toxicity, making them suitable for treating complex diseases like cancer.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review nanomedicine-based formulation development.
  • To discuss approved and marketed nanomedicines.
  • To explore challenges and future prospects in nanomedicine.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of nanomedicine formulations.
  • Analysis of approved nanomedicines by regulatory agencies (FDA, EMA).
  • Discussion of challenges in characterization, reproducibility, and biological evaluation.

Main Results:

  • Several nanomedicines are approved and commercially available.
  • Critical challenges remain, including reproducibility and proper characterization.
  • Rigorous studies and stringent guidelines are necessary for safe and effective nanomedicine development.

Conclusions:

  • Nanomedicines hold significant therapeutic potential, particularly for challenging diseases.
  • Addressing current challenges is crucial for advancing nanomedicine applications.
  • Further research is warranted to optimize the use of nanomedicine formulations.