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Post COVID Vaccination (COVAXIN™ -BB152 V) Pauci-immune Crescentic Glomerulonephritis

Shyam B Bansal1, Abhyuday S Rana1, Neha Manhas1

  • 1Department of Nephrology and Renal Transplant Medicine, Medanta -The Medicity, Gurugram, India.

Indian Journal of Nephrology
|December 26, 2022
PubMed

Insights

COVID-19 vaccination can rarely trigger ANCA-associated vasculitis, leading to kidney damage. This case highlights a potential adverse event following the COVAXIN™ vaccine, emphasizing the need for vigilance.

Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Immunology
  • Vaccinology

Background:

  • The COVID-19 pandemic necessitates global vaccination efforts using vaccines like COVAXIN™ (BBV152 V).
  • While generally safe, COVID-19 vaccines can rarely be associated with adverse events.
  • Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV) is a serious autoimmune condition.

Observation:

  • A patient developed pauci-immune crescentic glomerulonephritis 15 days after receiving the second dose of the killed COVID-19 COVAXIN™ vaccine.
  • The condition is characterized by ANCA-positive antibodies and kidney inflammation.

Findings:

  • The patient's presentation strongly suggests a link between the COVAXIN™ vaccine and the development of ANCA-associated vasculitis (AAV).
  • This case indicates that the vaccine may have triggered a systemic immune response leading to rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis (RPGN) in a susceptible individual.

Implications:

  • This case underscores the importance of monitoring for rare autoimmune adverse events following COVID-19 vaccination.
  • Further research is needed to understand the mechanisms linking vaccines to AAV and to identify susceptible populations.
  • Clinicians should consider vaccine-induced AAV in patients presenting with unexplained glomerulonephritis post-vaccination.

Keywords:
ANCA vasculitisAdverse eventCOVAXINCOVID vaccinationautoimmunity

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