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Updated: Aug 16, 2025

The Caco-2 Cell Bioassay for Measurement of Food Iron Bioavailability
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Improving nutrition through biofortification-A systematic review.

Kelvin F Ofori1, Sophia Antoniello2, Marcia M English2

  • 1Department of Human Ecology, Delaware State University, Dover, DE, United States.

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|December 26, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Biofortification of plant-based foods offers a sustainable solution to combat global malnutrition and hidden hunger, particularly deficiencies in iron and zinc. This approach enhances essential nutrient intake, improving health and development outcomes worldwide.

Keywords:
agronomicbiofortificationbreedingfortificationhidden hungermalnutritionomics technologytransgenic

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Area of Science:

  • Agricultural Science
  • Nutrition Science
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Malnutrition and hidden hunger pose significant global health challenges, especially in developing nations, impacting growth, cognitive ability, and physical capacity.
  • Iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) deficiencies are common forms of hidden hunger, contributing to infant and maternal mortality.
  • The UN's 2nd Sustainable Development Goal aims to eradicate malnutrition and hidden hunger.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight biofortification as a sustainable solution for combating malnutrition and hidden hunger.
  • To emphasize the relevance of fortifying plant-based foods (PBFs) due to their dietary importance in certain populations.
  • To review current biofortification strategies and their efficiency.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing interventions for malnutrition, including dietary diversification and food supplementation.
  • Focus on biofortification strategies: agronomic biofortification, plant breeding, and transgenic approaches.
  • Integration of omics technology to enhance the efficiency of transgenic biofortification.

Main Results:

  • Biofortification, particularly through transgenic approaches, is identified as a sustainable, efficient, and rapid solution.
  • Various crops, including cereals, legumes, oilseeds, vegetables, and fruits, have been successfully biofortified using multiple strategies.
  • Omics technology integration shows promise for improving the effectiveness of biofortification programs.

Conclusions:

  • Biofortification of plant-based foods is a crucial strategy to address widespread micronutrient deficiencies and hidden hunger.
  • Transgenic approaches, enhanced by omics technology, offer a highly effective and sustainable method for biofortification.
  • Continued development and implementation of biofortification are essential for achieving global nutritional security and health goals.