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Reflections on Criminal Justice Reform: Challenges and Opportunities.

Pamela K Lattimore1

  • 1RTI International, 3040 East Cornwallis Road, Research Triangle Park, NC 27703 USA.

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PubMed
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Criminal justice reforms over 50 years shifted from punitive "War on Drugs" policies to evidence-based "what works" strategies. Recent violence has prompted a return to "tough on crime" approaches, impacting reform efforts.

Keywords:
Criminal Justice ReformUS CorrectionalWar on CrimeWar on Drugs

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Area of Science:

  • Criminology
  • Public Policy
  • Sociology

Background:

  • Over the past five decades, the criminal justice system has undergone significant reforms.
  • Initial reforms, spurred by rising crime rates, emphasized punitive measures and increased incarceration.
  • Recent efforts focused on mitigating negative impacts of policing and pretrial practices, and on evidence-based crime reduction.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To reflect on the historical trajectory of criminal justice reforms.
  • To examine the evolution of strategies aimed at reducing criminal behavior.
  • To analyze the impact of shifting national dialogues on reform initiatives.

Main Methods:

  • Review of nearly 40 years of criminal justice reform evaluations.
  • Analysis of policy shifts in response to crime trends.
  • Examination of the

Main Results:

  • The criminal justice system has seen a cyclical shift between punitive and reform-oriented strategies.
  • The concept of "what works" has been central to evaluating intervention effectiveness.
  • Recent increases in violence have led to a resurgence of "tough on crime" policies.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding the historical context of criminal justice reforms is crucial for effective policy-making.
  • The focus on "what works" remains vital, despite shifts in political discourse.
  • Future reforms must balance evidence-based practices with societal demands for public safety.