Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in adults: Characteristics, treatment, and outcomes

Area of Science:

• Pediatric and Adult Infectious Diseases
• Critical Care Medicine
• Immunology

Background:

• Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) has been increasingly recognized.
• A similar, though less common, syndrome has emerged in adult patients, termed multisystem inflammatory syndrome in adults (MIS-A).
• MIS-A can occur after both symptomatic and asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infections and in previously healthy individuals.

Purpose of the Study:

• To describe the clinical characteristics, diagnosis, and current management of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in adults (MIS-A).
• To highlight the similarities and differences between MIS-A and MIS-C.
• To identify knowledge gaps and areas for future research in MIS-A.

Main Methods:

• Review of clinical case reports and observational studies on MIS-A.
• Analysis of diagnostic criteria, including laboratory evidence of inflammation and SARS-CoV-2 infection.
• Evaluation of commonly used therapeutic interventions such as anti-inflammatory agents.

Main Results:

• MIS-A presents as a multisystem disease affecting cardiovascular, respiratory, gastrointestinal, dermatologic, hematologic, and neurologic systems.
• Diagnosis requires clinical symptoms, laboratory inflammation markers, and confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection.
• Treatment often involves anti-inflammatory agents like intravenous immunoglobulin and corticosteroids, though optimal protocols are not established.

Conclusions:

• MIS-A is a rare but potentially severe condition associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection in adults.
• The syndrome shares features with MIS-C but requires specific consideration in adult populations.
• Further research is essential to elucidate the true prevalence, pathogenesis, and optimal treatment strategies for MIS-A.