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Racial Differences and Injury Pattern Variation: Impact of COVID-19 on a Bronx Trauma Center.

Risa N Kiernan¹, Madison S Salvitti¹, Gerard Baltazar²

¹Department of Clinical Specialties, New York Institute of Technology College of Osteopathic Medicine, Old Westbury, NY, USA.

The American Surgeon

|December 26, 2022

Summary

During COVID-19, trauma centers in the Bronx saw shifts in patient demographics and injury types, with increases in Black patients and penetrating injuries. These findings aid trauma center pandemic planning and community outreach.

Keywords:

COVID-19 mechanism of injury trauma demographics trauma outcomes

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Area of Science:

Public Health
Trauma Surgery
Epidemiology

Background:

New York City (NYC) was the epicenter of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020.
The Bronx, facing socioeconomic challenges and a large minority population, was at higher risk for COVID-19 impacts.
Understanding trauma trends during the pandemic is crucial for vulnerable populations.

Purpose of the Study:

To examine temporal associations between COVID-19 and trauma admissions in the Bronx.
To analyze changes in patient demographics and mechanisms of injury (MOI) during the pandemic.
To inform future public health and trauma care strategies.

Main Methods:

Retrospective review of prospectively collected data from a Bronx Level II trauma center.
Comparison of trauma admissions from January 1st-September 30th, 2019 (Pre-COVID) and 2020 (COVID).
Subgroup analysis of EARLY (March-May) and LATE (June-September) COVID periods.

Main Results:

Trauma admission volumes remained similar, but patient demographics shifted during COVID-19.
Increased proportion of Black patients (Hispanic and Non-Hispanic), younger patients, and out-of-pocket payors were observed.
A rise in penetrating injuries, motor vehicle collisions (MVCs), and firearm injuries occurred during COVID-19, with a resurgence in late 2020.

Conclusions:

Significant variations in MOI and racial demographics of trauma admissions were noted in the Bronx during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Findings highlight the need for targeted interventions and resource allocation in vulnerable communities.
Results can guide trauma centers in pandemic preparedness and foster community-level collaborations post-disaster.