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Pleura of the Lungs

Pleura of the Lungs

The lungs are nestled in a cavity, shielded by the pleura. The pleura, a form of serous membrane, wraps around each lung. This membrane arrangement consists of two layers: the visceral and parietal pleurae. The visceral pleura lines the surface of the lungIn contrast, the parietal pleura is the outer layer and contacts to the thoracic wall, the mediastinum, and the diaphragm. The hilum is the point of connection between the visceral and parietal layers. The space between the parietal and...

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

COPD is defined as a heterogeneous lung condition marked by persistent respiratory symptoms such as dyspnea, cough, and sputum production, caused by abnormalities in the airways that cause airflow obstruction.
Smoking is a primary risk factor for COPD, with over 80% of patients having a history of it. Patients typically experience progressive dyspnea or labored breathing, frequent coughing, and recurrent pulmonary infections. Many eventually succumb to respiratory failure, characterized by...

Pneumothorax-I

Pneumothorax-I

A pneumothorax is a condition where air builds up in the space between the lung and the chest wall, causing the lung to collapse. This condition arises when air enters the space between the parietal and visceral pleura, disrupting the negative pressure essential for lung inflation. This can lead to a partial or complete collapse of the lung.
Pneumothorax can be even further classified as spontaneous, traumatic, and tension pneumothorax.

Assessment of Respiration

Assessment of Respiration

The respiratory system's basic structures and primary functions lay the foundation for nurses' comprehensive respiratory assessments. This assessment includes subjective and objective data to gauge the patient's respiratory health.
Subjective Assessment: Nurses interview the patient to gather information directly during the subjective assessment. It includes questions about the individual's medical history, medications, and symptoms, focusing on past respiratory conditions like...

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-III: Symptoms and Complications.

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-III: Symptoms and Complications.

Understanding the variety of primary symptoms and systemic complications that characterize chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is crucial for healthcare professionals.
Symptoms of COPD can be classified as primary or systemic. Primary symptoms relate to reduced airflow, while systemic or extrapulmonary symptoms relate to COPD's broader impact on the body.
Primary Symptoms of COPD:

Other Pulmonary Disorders

Other Pulmonary Disorders

Respiratory disorders encompass a range of conditions with varying levels of severity. Asthma, marked by chronic airway inflammation and hypersensitivity, is one such condition. It can lead to airway obstruction due to factors like bronchial spasms, mucosal edema, increased mucus secretion, or epithelial damage. Asthma triggers are diverse, ranging from allergens to emotional upset, and treatment focuses on both immediate relief through bronchodilators and long-term inflammation suppression.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 16, 2025

Mouse Pneumonectomy Model of Compensatory Lung Growth

Mouse Pneumonectomy Model of Compensatory Lung Growth

Published on: December 17, 2014

[PEComa of the lung].

Agustín Buero¹, Ariel Tchercansky¹, Soledad Olivera Lopez¹

¹Servicio de Cirugía Torácica, Hospital Británico de Buenos Aires, Argentina.

|December 26, 2022

Summary

A rare benign lung tumor, clear cell "sugar" tumor (PEComa), can mimic malignancy on imaging due to its vascularity. This case highlights the importance of pathology for accurate diagnosis of pulmonary PEComas.

Keywords:

PEcoma clear cell "sugar" tumor pulmonary nodule

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Published on: March 8, 2019

Area of Science:

Pulmonology
Oncology
Pathology

Background:

Clear cell "sugar" tumor of the lung is a rare benign neoplasm.
It originates from perivascular epithelioid cells (PECs), belonging to the PEComa family.
These tumors are often misdiagnosed due to avid contrast enhancement on imaging.

Observation:

A solitary pulmonary nodule was identified in a 66-year-old man during prostate cancer staging.
The nodule's imaging characteristics mimicked a malignant lesion.
The patient underwent an anatomical pulmonary segmentectomy for diagnosis and treatment.

Findings:

Final pathology confirmed the lesion as a perivascular epithelioid cell tumor (PEComa).
This specific type is also known as a clear cell "sugar" tumor of the lung.
The diagnosis underscores the challenges in differentiating benign vascular tumors from malignancies.

Implications:

Accurate pathological diagnosis is crucial for managing pulmonary PEComas.
Understanding the imaging features of PEComas can aid in avoiding unnecessary aggressive treatments.
Further research into PEComa characteristics may improve diagnostic accuracy.