A model of evolution for accumulating genetic information

By taking into account recent knowledge of multigene families and other repetitive DNA sequences, a model of evolution by gene duplication for accumulating genetic information is studied. Genetic information is defined as the sum of distinct functions that the gene family can perform. A coefficient, "genetic diversity" is defined and used in this study, that is highly correlated with genetic information. Initially, a multigene family with a few gene copies is assumed, and natural selection starts to work on this gene family to increase genetic diversity contained in the gene family. As an important mechanism, unequal crossing-over is incorporated. Together with mutation, it is responsible for supplying genetic variability among individuals for selection to work. A specific model, in which individuals with less genetic diversity are selectively disadvantageous, has been studied in detail. Through approximate theoretical analysis and extensive Monte Carlo studies, it has been shown that the system is an extremely efficient way to accumulate genetic information. For attaining one gene, the genetic load is much smaller under this model than under the traditional model of natural selection. The model may be applied to the process of origin of multigene families with diverse copy members such as those of immunoglobulin or cytochrome P450. In general, the process of creating new genes by duplication might be somewhere between the present and the traditional models.