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Watershed Planning within a Quantitative Scenario Analysis Framework
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Identifying freshwater priority areas for cross-taxa interactions.

Joana Garrido Nogueira1, Manuel Lopes-Lima1, Pedro Beja2

  • 1CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Campus de Vairão, Universidade do Porto, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal; BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO, Campus de Vairão, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal.

The Science of the Total Environment
|December 26, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Conservation planning must include biotic interactions, like freshwater mussel-fish relationships, to effectively protect species and ecosystems. Ignoring these interactions leads to underrepresentation in protected areas.

Keywords:
BivalvesFishFreshwaterHostMarxanParasite

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Conservation Biology
  • Freshwater Ecology

Background:

  • Biotic interactions are crucial for understanding species distribution and ecosystem function.
  • Conservation planning frequently neglects these vital ecological relationships.
  • Freshwater mussels depend on fish hosts for their life cycle, highlighting a key biotic interaction.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and demonstrate a framework for integrating biotic interactions into conservation planning using Marxan software.
  • To assess the impact of including mussel-fish interactions on spatial conservation prioritization.
  • To evaluate the effectiveness of current protected areas in conserving freshwater biodiversity.

Main Methods:

  • A case study was conducted in the Douro River basin, focusing on freshwater mussels and their fish hosts.
  • Spatial prioritization analyses were performed using Marxan under three scenarios: mussels only, mussels and fish, and mussels, fish, and their interactions.
  • The overlap between identified priority areas and the existing Natura 2000 network was analyzed.

Main Results:

  • Biotic interactions are underrepresented in conservation planning when mussel and fish data are not simultaneously considered.
  • Priority areas identified were predominantly in the western Douro River basin, where species still persist.
  • There is low overlap between the proposed priority areas and the current Natura 2000 network.

Conclusions:

  • Integrating biotic interactions into conservation planning frameworks like Marxan is essential for effective biodiversity protection.
  • The proposed framework can inform the establishment or expansion of protected areas to better align with ecological needs.
  • Findings offer guidance for habitat restoration and management strategies to mitigate threats to freshwater biodiversity.