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Thermal interaction between animal and microclimate: a comprehensive model.

A J McArthur1

  • 1Department of Physiology & Environmental Science, University of Nottingham School of Agriculture, Loughborough, U.K.

Journal of Theoretical Biology
|May 21, 1987
PubMed
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This study presents a heat transfer equation to predict animal heat loss, incorporating thermoregulation. Cattle heat balance in hot environments is analyzed, showing environmental factors significantly impact heat loss and animal strain.

Area of Science:

  • Environmental physiology
  • Animal thermoregulation
  • Heat transfer theory

Background:

  • Understanding heat loss in homeothermic vertebrates is crucial for animal welfare and productivity.
  • Environmental factors like temperature, humidity, windspeed, and radiation significantly influence an animal's thermal balance.
  • Thermoregulatory responses are key to maintaining body-core temperature homeostasis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate an equation predicting heat loss from homeothermic vertebrates to the environment.
  • To analyze the heat balance of cattle, particularly in hot conditions.
  • To investigate the influence of environmental variables and thermoregulatory mechanisms on heat loss.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a heat transfer equation based on fundamental principles.

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  • Incorporation of physiological parameters: sweating ability, vasomotor action, metabolic rate, respiratory rate, and body-core temperature regulation.
  • Application and validation using heat and water vapor loss data from cattle in indoor and outdoor settings.

    • Main Results:

    • The developed equation accurately predicts heat loss rates in cattle under varying indoor temperature and humidity conditions.
    • Outdoor solar radiation can significantly reduce heat loss in cool environments.
    • In hot environments, heat dissipation is less sensitive to radiation load, though body-core temperature remains affected.

    Conclusions:

    • The model provides a robust tool for predicting heat loss in homeothermic vertebrates.
    • Environmental factors and animal thermoregulation interact complexly, influencing heat balance and thermal strain.
    • Air movement can exacerbate cold stress but alleviate heat stress in cattle.