Urinary N-acetyl-β-d-glucosaminidase-creatine ratio is a valuable predictor for advanced diabetic kidney disease

Many biomarkers show high diagnostic values for diabetic kidney disease (DKD), but fewer studies focus on the predictive assessment of DKD progression by blood and urinary biomarkers.

This study aims to find powerful risk predictors and identifying biomarkers in blood and urine for DKD progression.

A total of 117 patients with type 2 DKD including early and advanced stages and their laboratory parameters were statistically assessed. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to evaluate the significance of discriminating between early and advanced DKD, and the predictive power for advanced DKD was analyzed by regression analysis and trisector grouping.

N-acetyl-β-d-glucosaminidase-creatine (NAG/CR) level in advanced DKD was statistically higher than that in early DKD (p < 0.05), and there was a higher incidence of advanced DKD (72% vs. 56%) and high odds ratio (OR: 3.917, 95% CI: 1.579-10.011) of NAG/CR with ≥2.79 U/mmol compared with <2.79 U/mmol (p < 0.05). NAG/CR ratio also showed a higher area under the ROC curve of 0.727 (95% CI: 0.616-0.828, p = 0.010) with a high sensitivity (0.75) and a moderate specificity (0.66) when 1.93 U/mmol was set as the optimal cutoff value. The adjusted-multivariable analysis revealed that NAG/CR had an OR of 1.021 (95% CI: 1.024-1.038) and 2.223 (95% CI: 1.231-4.463) based on a continuous and categorical variable, respectively, for risk of advanced DKD. Moreover, the prevalence of advanced DKD exhibited an increasing tendency by an increment of the trisector of NAG/CR.

This study suggests that NAG/CR ratio is an independent predictor for advanced DKD, and it also can be used as a powerful identifying marker between early and advanced DKD.