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Recent advances on human mpox.

Aliya Orassay1, Alan Berdigaliyev1, Darya Sadvokassova1

  • 1Department of Biology, School of Sciences and Humanities, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan.

New Microbes and New Infections
|December 27, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Mpox outbreaks raise public health concerns. Genomic analysis reveals mutations linked to APOBEC3 regulation and potential sexual transmission, highlighting the need for vaccines and antiviral drugs.

Keywords:
EpidemiologyGlobal healthInfectionMonkeypoxMpoxOutbreakSexual transmission

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Area of Science:

  • Virology and Public Health
  • Genomic Epidemiology
  • Infectious Disease Control

Background:

  • Mpox (formerly monkeypox) presents a significant public health challenge, necessitating travel advisories and proactive containment strategies.
  • Understanding the virus's evolution and transmission dynamics is crucial for effective public health interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current literature on mpox, focusing on its history, genomic characteristics, host interactions, and public health management.
  • To assess the status of vaccine and therapeutic developments and identify areas for future research to prevent outbreaks.

Main Methods:

  • A comprehensive literature search was conducted using major databases: WHO, CDC, Google Scholar, and PubMed.
  • Review and synthesis of recent studies on mpox history, genomic mutations, host cell responses, policy, and medical countermeasures.

Main Results:

  • Recent mpox strains exhibit significant genomic mutations, particularly those influenced by APOBEC3 (apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme, catalytic polypeptide-like 3) activity.
  • Evidence suggests a potential association between current mpox outbreaks and sexual transmission routes.
  • The review underscores the urgent need for mpox vaccination and the development of antiviral therapies.

Conclusions:

  • Genomic surveillance and understanding viral evolution, including APOBEC3's role, are vital for mpox control.
  • Addressing sexual transmission pathways and implementing vaccination are key public health strategies.
  • Continued research and urgent development of anti-mpox drugs are essential for future outbreak prevention and control.