[Correlation of chorioretinal parameters with anatomical, optical and functional indicators of eyes with amblyopia of...

Purpose. To measure thickness of the central retina and choroid, retinal nerve fiber layer and ganglion cell complex in the macular region, retinal nerve fiber layer in the peripapillary region in eyes with various types of amblyopia, and to analyze its relationship with best corrected visual acuity, refraction and axial eye length.

The study included 50 patients aged 5 to 16 years (mean age 10.04±3.01 years). All patients were divided into 6 groups: 1 - relative amblyopia with congenital myopia (23 eyes); 2 - dysbinocular amblyopia (14 eyes); 3 - refractive amblyopia (16 eyes); 4 - anisometropic amblyopia (7 eyes); 5 - paired eyes of patients with amblyopia (20 eyes); 6 - control group (20 eyes). Chorioretinal parameters were determined using the RS-3000 Advance 2 spectral optical coherence tomography system («Nidek», Japan). Correlation analysis was performed using the Pearson's linear correlation coefficient (r). The level of significance of the differences was determined by the standard Student's t-test.

Morphological changes in the sensory and choroid membranes of the eye were revealed in groups with amblyopia of various origins compared to the control group, as well as in the fellow eyes. Intergroup comparison showed the presence of more significant disorders in refractive and relative amblyopia due to congenital myopia. Correlation analysis showed that structural changes in the posterior pole are more related to the anatomical and optical parameters of the eyes.

Optical coherence tomography allows detection of microscopic structural anomalies in the posterior pole of the eye in amblyopia of various origins, assists in differential diagnosis of this condition with organic pathology, and - most importantly - helps peer deeper into the pathogenesis of this disease.