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Visual System

Visual System

Light enters the eye through the cornea, a transparent, dome-shaped surface covering the surface of the eyeball that helps to direct and focus incoming light. This light is then channeled toward the pupil, an adjustable opening whose size is controlled by the iris. The iris, a pigmented muscle, regulates the amount of light entering the eye by contracting or dilating the pupil, thereby ensuring optimal light levels for clear vision.
Once through the pupil, the light passes through the lens, a...

Parallel Processing

Parallel Processing

The brain processes sensory information rapidly due to parallel processing, which involves sending data across multiple neural pathways at the same time. This method allows the brain to manage various sensory qualities, such as shapes, colors, movements, and locations, all concurrently. For instance, when observing a forest landscape, the brain simultaneously processes the movement of leaves, the shapes of trees, the depth between them, and the various shades of green. This enables a quick and...

Vision

Vision

Vision is the result of light being detected and transduced into neural signals by the retina of the eye. This information is then further analyzed and interpreted by the brain. First, light enters the front of the eye and is focused by the cornea and lens onto the retina—a thin sheet of neural tissue lining the back of the eye. Because of refraction through the convex lens of the eye, images are projected onto the retina upside-down and reversed.

Perception

Perception

Perception is a fundamental psychological process that enables individuals to organize, interpret, and consciously experience sensory information. This process is crucial for understanding and interacting with the world around us. It includes both bottom-up and top-down processing, each playing a distinct role in how we perceive our environment.
Bottom-up processing begins at the sensory level, where receptors detect external environmental stimuli. These could include the tactile sensation of...

Depth Perception and Spatial Vision

Depth Perception and Spatial Vision

Depth perception is the ability to perceive objects three-dimensionally. It relies on two types of cues: binocular and monocular. Binocular cues depend on the combination of images from both eyes and how the eyes work together. Since the eyes are in slightly different positions, each eye captures a slightly different image. This disparity between images, known as binocular disparity, helps the brain interpret depth. When the brain compares these images, it determines the distance to an object.

Motor and Sensory Areas of the Cortex

Motor and Sensory Areas of the Cortex

The cerebral cortex, the brain's outermost layer, is pivotal in processing complex cognitive tasks, emotions, and various sensory inputs and executing voluntary motor activities. This intricate structure is divided into three primary functional areas: the motor areas, sensory areas, and association areas.
Motor Areas
The motor areas located in the frontal lobe are central to controlling voluntary movements. This region is further subdivided into the primary motor cortex and the premotor cortex....

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 16, 2025

Development of a Gaze-Contingent Display Framework Designed for Perceptual and Oculomotor Research with Simulated Central Vision Loss

Development of a Gaze-Contingent Display Framework Designed for Perceptual and Oculomotor Research with Simulated Central Vision Loss

Published on: April 11, 2025

Visual-Olfactory Synergistic Perception Based on Dual-Focus Imaging and a Bionic Learning Architecture.

Yaoxuan Cui¹, Xubin Zheng¹, Chen Shen²

¹Intelligent Perception Research Institute, Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou311100, China.

|December 27, 2022

Summary

This study integrates vision and olfaction using a single imager for advanced AI. The novel system achieves 100% accuracy in food detection, enhancing robotic perception.

Keywords:

bionic learning dual-focus imaging multimodal sensor object recognition vision−olfaction

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Last Updated: Aug 16, 2025

Development of a Gaze-Contingent Display Framework Designed for Perceptual and Oculomotor Research with Simulated Central Vision Loss

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Published on: April 11, 2025

Creating Objects and Object Categories for Studying Perception and Perceptual Learning

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Published on: November 2, 2012

Imaging Odor-Evoked Activities in the Mouse Olfactory Bulb using Optical Reflectance and Autofluorescence Signals

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Published on: October 31, 2011

Area of Science:

Artificial Intelligence
Bioinspired Systems
Sensor Technology

Background:

Synergistic interaction of vision and olfaction is crucial for natural and artificial intelligence.
Current bioinspired systems use separate sensors, leading to bulky designs and data incompatibility.

Purpose of the Study:

To demonstrate on-chip integration of visual and olfactory sensations using a dual-focus imaging approach.
To develop a highly integrated sensor for improved robotic sensing and perception.

Main Methods:

Combined lens-based visual imaging and lensless colorimetric imaging on a single complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor imager.
Utilized a bionic learning architecture for multimodal image analysis, information fusion, and perception.
Adapted the system for food detection, specifically meat freshness and category identification.

Main Results:

Achieved 100% accuracy in identifying meat freshness and category within a 10-second sampling time.
Demonstrated successful on-chip integration of visual and olfactory sensing capabilities.
Showcased superior accuracy and efficiency in object recognition compared to existing methods.

Conclusions:

The developed dual-focus imaging approach enables highly integrated visual and olfactory sensing on a single chip.
This technology offers a promising solution for advanced robotic sensing and perception, particularly in food analysis.
The system's high accuracy and efficiency pave the way for more sophisticated artificial intelligence applications.