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Executive function during exercise is diminished by prolonged cognitive effort in men.

Hayato Tsukamoto1,2, Kento Dora3,4, Benjamin S Stacey5

  • 1Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan. h-tsuka@fc.ritsumei.ac.jp.

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Prolonged cognitive load impairs reaction time and executive function, even during exercise. This dual-tasking effect diminishes cognitive performance, impacting decision-making in sports.

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Area of Science:

  • Sports Science
  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Exercise Physiology

Background:

  • Executive function (EF) and reaction time (RT) are crucial for sports performance.
  • Prolonged cognitive load (pCL) typically impairs RT at rest.
  • Exercise generally enhances RT and EF.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if prolonged cognitive load (pCL) impairs executive function (EF) and reaction time (RT) during exercise.
  • To test the hypothesis that dual-tasking (pCL + exercise) negatively affects cognitive performance.

Main Methods:

  • Twenty healthy males participated in a randomized-crossover study.
  • Four conditions were tested: rest control, pCL only, exercise only, and pCL + exercise.
  • Cognitive load involved a 50-min colour-word Stroop task (CWST); exercise was 50-min cycling at 60% VO2 peak.

Main Results:

  • Prolonged cognitive load significantly slowed reaction time (RT) and increased its variability, both at rest and during exercise.
  • Compared to exercise alone, the pCL + exercise condition showed slower RT and greater variability.
  • Executive function, specifically reverse-Stroop interference, declined significantly under the pCL + exercise condition.

Conclusions:

  • The cognitive effort of prolonged cognitive load impairs reaction time and executive function, even when combined with moderate-intensity exercise.
  • Dual-tasking, involving cognitive load during physical exertion, negatively impacts cognitive performance.
  • Findings suggest that cognitive fatigue can diminish decision-making abilities during physical activity.