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The biological clock is involved in many aspects of regulating complex physiology in all animals. It was in 1935 when German zoologists, Hans Kalmus and Erwin Bünning, discovered the existence of circadian rhythm in Drosophila melanogaster. However, the internal molecular mechanisms behind the circadian clock remained a mystery until 1984, when Jeffrey C. Hall, Michael Rosbash, and Michael W. Young discovered the expression of the Per gene oscillating over a 24-hour cycle. In subsequent...
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Circadian rhythms are cyclic changes that are crucial in plasma drug concentrations. Various standard circadian parameters, including core body temperature, heart rate, and other cardiovascular factors, directly impact disease states and the therapeutic response to drug therapy.
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The liver, an essential organ in the human body, performs over 200 vital functions that can be broadly categorized into metabolic, hematological, endocrine regulation, and bile production.
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The circadian—or biological—clock is an intrinsic, timekeeping, molecular mechanism that allows plants to coordinate physiological activities over 24-hour cycles called circadian rhythms. Photoperiodism is a collective term for the biological responses of plants to variations in the relative lengths of dark and light periods. The period of light-exposure is called the photoperiod.
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Monitoring Cell-autonomous Circadian Clock Rhythms of Gene Expression Using Luciferase Bioluminescence Reporters
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Circadian rhythms and the liver.

Rodolfo Costa1,2,3, Chiara Mangini4, Esther D Domenie4

  • 1Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council (CNR), Padova, Italy.

Liver International : Official Journal of the International Association for the Study of the Liver
|December 28, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The liver clock regulates food intake and energy metabolism. Understanding circadian rhythms can help prevent fatty liver disease and improve outcomes for liver transplant patients.

Keywords:
MAFLDdecompensated cirrhosisliver clockliver transplantationmammalian circadian timing systemmetabolism

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Area of Science:

  • Chronobiology
  • Hepatology
  • Metabolic Research

Background:

  • The mammalian circadian timing system governs physiological processes.
  • The liver clock plays a crucial role in energy metabolism and food intake preparation.
  • Disruptions in circadian rhythms are implicated in various diseases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the mammalian circadian timing system and liver clock.
  • To explore the liver clock's role in metabolism and food intake.
  • To examine the chronobiology of liver diseases and their management, including metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), cirrhosis, and liver transplantation.

Main Methods:

  • Narrative review of existing literature.
  • Comparative analysis of liver clock with other peripheral clocks.
  • Chronobiological perspective on liver disease pathophysiology and management.

Main Results:

  • Detailed description of the liver clock's function and its comparison to other peripheral clocks.
  • Elucidation of the liver clock's role in preparing for food intake and its link to energy metabolism.
  • Chronobiological insights into MAFLD, decompensated cirrhosis, and liver transplantation.

Conclusions:

  • Circadian principles and hygiene practices may prevent MAFLD.
  • Optimizing circadian rhythms can improve prognosis in advanced liver disease.
  • Circadian factors may modulate outcomes in liver transplantation.