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Hypertensive pneumothorax with cystic lesions: Pleuropulmonary blastoma in an infant

Rossella Lamberti1, Michele Ghezzi1, Francesca Riccaboni1

  • 1Pediatric Department, "Vittore Buzzi" Children's Hospital, 20154, Milan, Italy.

Respiratory Medicine Case Reports
|December 29, 2022
PubMed

Insights

Pleuropulmonary blastoma (PPB), a rare pediatric lung cancer, can mimic congenital cystic pulmonary malformation (CPAM). This case highlights the importance of re-evaluating initial diagnoses for accurate treatment of pediatric lung lesions.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Oncology
  • Thoracic Surgery
  • Diagnostic Imaging

Background:

  • Pleuropulmonary blastoma (PPB) is a rare pediatric malignancy.
  • Congenital cystic pulmonary malformation (CPAM) is a key differential diagnosis.
  • Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial for pediatric lung diseases.

Observation:

  • A neonate presented with respiratory failure and bilateral lung cysts.
  • Initial diagnosis was CPAM, but lesions progressed.
  • Histological revision confirmed type I PPB at nine months of age.

Findings:

  • The patient underwent multiple pulmonary resections and chemotherapy.
  • Despite treatment, lesions increased in size, posing a risk of pneumothorax.
  • Surgical intervention and continued monitoring were necessary.

Implications:

  • This case underscores the diagnostic challenges in differentiating PPB from CPAM in infants.
  • Accurate histological re-evaluation is vital for appropriate management of pediatric lung tumors.
  • Long-term surveillance is essential for patients with PPB due to potential recurrence and progression.

Keywords:
ChildrenEarly surgical resectionPleuropulmonary blastoma

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