Related Experiment Video
Updated: Aug 15, 2025

Seeding and Implantation of a Biosynthetic Tissue-engineered Tracheal Graft in a Mouse Model
Published on: April 1, 2019
Formation of granulation tissue on bilateral vocal cords after double-lumen endotracheal intubation: A case report
Xiao-Juan Xiong1, Li Wang1, Ting Li2
1Department of Anesthesiology, Army Medical Center of PLA, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China.
Background:
Most case reports on laryngeal granuloma formation have described patients after tracheotomy and single-lumen endotracheal intubation. Few studies have investigated vocal cord granuloma formation after double-lumen endotracheal (DLT) intubation.
Case Summary:
We report granulation tissue formation on the bilateral vocal cords after DLT intubation in a 45-year-old, 153-cm-tall female patient. Previous imaging reports showed no formation of vocal cord granuloma before DLT intubation. Therefore, we inferred that DLT intubation may have been the main reason for the postoperative granulation tissue formation on her bilateral vocal cords, based on the patient's history of DLT intubation, persistent hoarseness after thoracic surgery, and fibrolaryngoscopic and pathological reports during 12 mo follow-up.
Conclusion:
Thirty-two Fr DLT tubes should be utilized for thoracic surgery on female patients who are shorter than 153 cm in height.
Related Concept Videos
Endotracheal Intubation I: Procedure
The ET tube comprises various components, including a standard adaptor to attach a bag-valve-mask (BVM) or ventilator, a cuff, a pilot balloon, and radiopaque markings along its length to measure the insertion distance. The tube sizes...
Endotracheal Intubation II: Nursing Management
1. Nursing Care of Patients Before Intubation
Before the endotracheal intubation procedure, nurses play an essential role in ensuring the process goes smoothly. The nurses must be familiar with intubation...
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation V: Advanced Airway Management Techniques
Endotracheal Tube Extubation
Procedure
Extubation removes the endotracheal tube (ETT) from the patient on mechanical ventilation. It requires a well-coordinated, multidisciplinary approach involving physicians, nurses, respiratory therapists, and other healthcare professionals....
Tracheostomy Decannulation
Description of the Procedure
Decannulation refers to the permanent removal of the tracheostomy tube, signaling the resolution of the condition that initially necessitated the tracheostomy. The process requires a well-coordinated interplay between...
Tracheostomy: Procedure and Tubes
Tracheostomy tubes can be made of semiflexible plastic (polyurethane or silicone), rigid plastic, or metal, and they come in...

