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Related Concept Videos

Solvents01:12

Solvents

65.3K
A solvent is a substance, most often a liquid, that can dissolve other substances. Here, the substance being dissolved is called a solute. When a solvent and a solute combine, they form a solution - a homogenous mixture of both the solvent and the solute. Water is a universal biological solvent. Its polar structure allows it to dissolve many other polar compounds. The ability of water to dissolve is governed by a balance between water molecules binding to each other and binding to the solute.
A...
65.3K
Energetics of Solution Formation02:35

Energetics of Solution Formation

6.8K
The formation of a solution is an example of a spontaneous process, which is a process that occurs under specified conditions without energy from some external source.
When the strengths of the intermolecular forces of attraction between solute and solvent species in a solution are no different than those present in the separated components, the solution is formed with no accompanying energy change. Formation of the solution requires the solute–solute and solvent–solvent...
6.8K
Entropy and Solvation02:05

Entropy and Solvation

7.1K
The process of surrounding a solute with solvent is called solvation. It involves evenly distributing the solute within the solvent. The rule of thumb for determining a solvent for a given compound is that like dissolves like. A good solvent has molecular characteristics similar to those of the compound to be dissolved. For example, polar solutions dissolve polar solutes, and apolar solvents dissolve apolar solutes. A polar solvent is a solvent that has a high dielectric constant (ϵ...
7.1K
Sample Preparation for Analysis: Advanced Techniques01:08

Sample Preparation for Analysis: Advanced Techniques

416
Accurate analysis of complex samples often requires advanced preparation techniques to achieve reliable and reproducible results. Samples containing inorganic or organic materials can be challenging to dissolve or decompose effectively. Standard sample preparation methods include acid digestion, fusion, dry ashing, and wet digestion.
Acid digestion with strong acids is commonly used to dissolve inorganic materials that are insoluble (do not dissolve) in water. This method can be useful for...
416
Solvating Effects02:12

Solvating Effects

7.5K
An understanding of the solvating effect helps rationalize the relation between solvation and acidity of the compound. In addition, this also explains the relative stability of conjugate bases for compounds with different pKa values. This lesson details, in-depth, the principle of solvating effects. The strength of an acid and the stability of its corresponding conjugate base are determined using pKa values. This observed relationship is a consequence of solvation, which is the interaction...
7.5K
Titration in Nonaqueous Solvents01:16

Titration in Nonaqueous Solvents

912
Most acid-base titrations are performed in an aqueous medium. In aqueous titrations, water competes with weaker acids or bases for proton donation or acceptance, leading to ambiguous endpoints in the titration curve. Water also affects the partial ionization of weak acids or bases. For example, water accepts a proton from acetic acid to form hydronium and acetate ions. The hydronium ion formed is a stronger acid than acetic acid, and the acetate ion is a stronger base than water. As a result,...
912

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Preparation of Binary and Ternary Deep Eutectic Systems
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Deep Eutectic Solvents: Fundamental Aspect, Characterizations and Applications.

Pankaj V Dangre1,2, Harshada P Borase2, Mahendra C Gunde3

  • 1Department of Pharmaceutics, Datta Meghe College of Pharmacy, DMIHER (DU), Wardha, 442 001, Maharashtra, India.

Recent Advances in Drug Delivery and Formulation
|December 29, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) offer cost-effective, stable alternatives for enhanced therapeutic delivery. Further research is needed to confirm their safety and minimal toxicity for widespread nutraceutical applications.

Keywords:
DESscharacterizationshydrophobic moleculesnutraceuticalsoral pharmacotherapypharmaceuticalsspectroscopy

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmaceutical Sciences
  • Materials Science
  • Food Science

Background:

  • Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are gaining traction as advanced solvent systems for enhancing therapeutic efficacy.
  • Their advantages include low cost, ease of synthesis, and favorable storage conditions compared to traditional solvents.
  • DESs show significant promise in pharmaceutical and nutraceutical delivery systems.

Approach:

  • This review consolidates fundamental knowledge on DESs, covering their types, properties, and formulation.
  • It details various characterization methods essential for understanding DES behavior.
  • Key characterization techniques include pH, density, viscosity, solubility, and spectroscopic analyses (FTIR, NMR).

Key Points:

  • DESs offer superior properties for drug and nutraceutical delivery.
  • Comprehensive characterization is crucial for understanding DES behavior and ensuring safety.
  • Established characterization methods are vital for evaluating DES properties.

Conclusions:

  • DESs present a promising avenue for the nutraceutical and pharmaceutical industries.
  • Ensuring the safety and minimal toxicity of DESs is paramount for their successful integration.
  • Further investigation into DES safety profiles will unlock their full potential in therapeutic applications.