Experimental animal models for brain abscess: a systematic review.

Area of Science:

• Neurology
• Infectious Diseases
• Veterinary Medicine

Background:

• Brain abscess (BA) is a severe infection requiring effective treatment strategies.
• Experimental animal models are crucial for understanding BA pathogenesis and developing new therapies.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the historical development of experimental brain abscess (BA) animal models.
• To highlight clinical advancements derived from these models.

Main Methods:

• A systematic literature search of PubMed and Embase databases was conducted for studies published until June 15, 2022.
• Inclusion criteria required the use of experimental BA animal models; non-bacterial models and in vitro studies were excluded.

Main Results:

• 79 studies were included, predominantly using Staphylococcus aureus in rodent models.
• Models elucidated BA histopathology, correlated radiological findings with human disease, and informed antimicrobial pharmacokinetics and corticosteroid effects.
• Immunological studies identified potential immunomodulatory targets for future therapies.

Conclusions:

• Experimental BA models have been vital for improving patient management.
• There is a need for more sophisticated models, including polymicrobial infections in larger animals, to better replicate human BA conditions.