Optically Controllable Organic Logic-in-Memory: An Innovative Approach toward Ternary Data Processing and Storage

Logic-in-memory (LIM) has emerged as an energy-efficient computing technology, as it integrates logic and memory operations in a single device architecture. Herein, a concept of ternary LIM is established. First, a p-type 2,7-dioctyl[1]benzothieno[3,2-b][1]benzothiophene (C8-BTBT) transistor is combined with an n-type PhC₂H₄-benzo[de]isoquinolino[1,8-gh]quinolone diimide (PhC2-BQQDI) transistor to obtain a binary memory inverter, in which a zinc phthalocyanine-cored polystyrene (ZnPc-PS₄) layer serves as a floating gate. The contrasting photoresponse of the transistors toward visible and ultraviolet light and the efficient hole-trapping ability of ZnPc-PS₄ enable us to achieve an optically controllable memory operation with a high memory window of 18 V. Then, a ternary memory inverter is developed using an anti-ambipolar transistor to achieve a three-level data processing and storage system for more advanced LIM applications. Finally, low-voltage operation of the devices is achieved by employing a high-k dielectric layer, which highlights the potential of the developed LIM units for next-generation low-power electronics.