Targeting SARS-CoV-2 and host cell receptor interactions

Area of Science:

• Virology and Immunology
• Infectious Diseases

Background:

• Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) continues to pose a significant threat, especially to vulnerable populations like the elderly and immunocompromised, due to ongoing viral evolution.
• Viral entry into host cells is a critical step in infection, mediated by the SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein binding to host cell receptors.

Approach:

• This review focuses on therapeutic strategies aimed at inhibiting the interaction between the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and host cell receptors.
• It examines the role of Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) as a primary entry receptor and discusses other identified auxiliary receptors.

Key Points:

• Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is a crucial receptor for SARS-CoV-2 cell entry in the respiratory tract.
• Other receptors, including ASGPR1, Kremen protein 1, and integrins, have also been implicated in SARS-CoV-2 entry.
• Understanding these interactions is vital for developing effective antiviral therapies.

Conclusions:

• Therapeutic approaches targeting the blockade of SARS-CoV-2 and host cell receptor interactions offer a promising avenue for controlling viral spread.
• Further research into these interactions can lead to novel strategies to combat persistent SARS-CoV-2 infections.