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Step-growth or condensation polymerization is a stepwise reaction of bi or multifunctional monomers to form long-chain polymers. As all the monomers are reactive, most of the monomers are consumed at the early stages of the reaction to form small chains of reactive oligomers, which then combine to form long polymer chains in the late stages. Hence, the reaction has to proceed for a long time to achieve high molecular weight polymers.
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Ziegler–Natta polymerization is another form of addition or chain‐growth polymerization used for synthesizing linear polymers over branched polymers. The catalyst used for polymerization is the Ziegler–Natta catalyst, named after Karl Ziegler and Giulio Natta, who developed it in 1953. This catalyst is an organometallic complex of titanium tetrachloride and triethyl aluminum, with the active form of the catalyst being an alkyl titanium compound. Using the Ziegler–Natta...
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Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism00:57

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The cationic polymerization mechanism consists of three steps: initiation, propagation, and termination. In the initiation step of the polymerization process, the π bond of a monomer gets protonated by the Lewis acid catalyst, which is formed from boron trifluoride and water. The protonation of the π bond generates a carbocation stabilized by the electron‐donating group. In the propagation step, the π bond of the second monomer acts as a nucleophile and attacks the...
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Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:20

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The polymerization process that involves carbanion as an intermediate is called anionic polymerization. It is also a type of addition or chain-growth polymerization. Anionic polymerization gets initiated by a strong nucleophile such as an organolithium or a Grignard reagent. The most commonly used initiator for anionic polymerization is butyl lithium. Monomers involved in anionic polymerization must possess a vinyl group bonded to one or two electron-withdrawing groups. For instance,...
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Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism01:04

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The mechanism for anionic chain-growth polymerization involves initiation, propagation, and termination steps. In the initiation step, a nucleophilic anion, such as butyl lithium, initiates the polymerization process by attacking the π bond of the vinylic monomer. As a result, a carbanion, stabilized by the electron‐withdrawing group, is generated. The resulting carbanion acts as a Michael donor in the propagation step and attacks the second vinylic monomer, which acts as a Michael...
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Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:10

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Chain-growth or addition polymerization is successive addition reactions of monomers with a polymer chain. In radical chain-growth polymerization, the reaction proceeds via a free-radical intermediate. The free radical is formed from radical initiators, which spontaneously generate free radicals by homolytic fission. Organic peroxides (such as dibenzoyl peroxide, as shown in Figure 1) or azo compounds are popular radical initiators. A low concentration ratio of radical initiator to monomer is...
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Recent Advances and Challenges in Barbier Polymerization.

Yu-Jiao Chen1,2, Liang-Tao Wu1,2, Hang Xiao1,2

  • 1Key Laboratory of Coal to Ethylene Glycol and Its Related Technology, State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, 350002, People's Republic of China.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Barbier polymerization, a novel method for carbon-carbon bond formation, expands polymer chemistry. This approach enhances aggregation-induced emission (AIE) and non-traditional intrinsic luminescence (NTIL) materials through innovative molecular design.

Keywords:
Barbier PolymerizationBarbier Reactioncovalent-anionic-radical polymerizationliving polymerizationpolymerization-induced emissionsingle-atom polymerization

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Area of Science:

  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Organic Chemistry
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • The Barbier reaction is a long-standing method for carbon-carbon bond formation in organic chemistry.
  • Polymerization methods design is crucial for advancing materials science.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the development and applications of Barbier polymerization.
  • To highlight the impact of Barbier polymerization on aggregation-induced emission (AIE) and non-traditional intrinsic luminescence (NTIL) materials.

Main Methods:

  • Focuses on Barbier polymerization, reviewing its history and importance.
  • Discusses molecular design strategies, functionalities, and properties achieved through Barbier polymerization.

Main Results:

  • Barbier polymerization expands the libraries of polymerization methods, monomers, chemical structures, and properties.
  • This method enables the development of novel materials with AIE and NTIL characteristics.

Conclusions:

  • Barbier polymerization offers a versatile platform for creating advanced functional materials.
  • This review provides insights and potential inspiration for scientists across various fields.