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Shaping infant development from the inside out: Bioactive factors in human milk
Sarah F Andres1, Brian Scottoline2, Misty Good3
1Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric GI Division, School of Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97229, United States.
Seminars in Perinatology
|December 29, 2022
Summary
Human breast milk contains vital bioactive components that guide infant development. These factors significantly influence neonatal immunity, gut microbiome, and intestinal development from birth.
Area of Science:
- Neonatal immunology
- Microbiome research
- Human milk composition
Background:
- Human breast milk is recognized as the optimal nutrition for infants.
- It contains numerous bioactive and immunomodulatory components crucial for development.
- These components extend beyond basic nutrition, influencing neonatal health profoundly.
Approach:
- This review systematically describes the bioactive factors present in human milk.
- It discusses the specific roles of these components in neonatal health.
- The review focuses on the impact from the infant's internal systems outwards.
Key Points:
- Probiotics, human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs), extracellular vesicles, peptides, immunoglobulins, growth factors, cytokines, and vitamins are key components.
- These factors are critical for guiding neonatal development, not just somatic growth.
- They play a vital role in shaping neonatal immunity and the intestinal microbiome.
Conclusions:
- Bioactive factors in human milk are essential for comprehensive neonatal development.
- These components influence the intestinal microbiome and intestinal development from within.
- Understanding these factors is key to optimizing infant health and immunity.
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