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Antimicrobial Effectiveness

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The effectiveness of antimicrobial agents depends on various factors influencing their ability to eliminate microbial populations. Larger microbial populations require more time for complete eradication, emphasizing the importance of population size analysis when evaluating antimicrobial efficacy.Microbial resistance to antimicrobial agents varies significantly. Highly resilient microorganisms include endospores, gram-negative bacteria, and non-enveloped viruses, while prions are exceptionally...
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Chemicals play important roles in controlling microbial growth by targeting microbial structures and functions as sanitizers, antiseptics, disinfectants, and sterilants.Alcohols are commonly used sanitizers, effectively disrupting lipid membranes, which compromises cell integrity. They are also used as antiseptics and disinfectants due to their rapid action and versatility.Phenols and their derivatives phenolics , known for denaturing proteins and disrupting cell membranes, are particularly...
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Biofilms are complex communities of microorganisms encased in a self-produced extracellular polysaccharide matrix attached to surfaces. These microbial consortia can include single or multiple species, providing enhanced survival benefits by forming organized, multilayered structures.The formation of biofilms occurs through four key stages: attachment, colonization, development, and dispersal.During attachment, free-swimming planktonic cells adhere to a surface, often facilitated by...
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Antimicrobial Characterization of Advanced Materials for Bioengineering Applications
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Smart dental materials for antimicrobial applications.

Carolina Montoya1, Lina Roldan1,2, Michelle Yu1

  • 1Department of Oral Health Sciences, Kornberg School of Dentistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.

Bioactive Materials
|December 30, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Smart dental biomaterials that respond to stimuli offer advanced antimicrobial properties for preventing infections and improving dental device longevity. This review explores their design, applications, and future clinical potential.

Keywords:
AntibacterialAntibiofilmAntifungalAntimicrobialBioactiveBiofilmBioresponsive biomaterialsRestorative dentistrySmart dental materialsStimuli-responsive

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Dental Materials Science
  • Antimicrobial Technology

Background:

  • Smart biomaterials can sense and respond to physiological or external stimuli.
  • There has been significant growth in smart dental biomaterials for antimicrobial applications.
  • These materials enhance efficacy and control bio-functionalities to prevent infections and prolong dental device life.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the state-of-the-art in smart dental biomaterials for antimicrobial applications.
  • To discuss the design, evaluation, advantages, and limitations of these materials.
  • To categorize and analyze stimuli-responsive antibacterial dental materials.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of smart biomaterials in dentistry.
  • Classification of materials based on stimuli-responsive mechanisms (pH, enzymes, light, magnetic field, vibrations).
  • Discussion of antimicrobial mechanisms, applications, and examples for each category.

Main Results:

  • Smart dental biomaterials offer controllable antimicrobial functionalities.
  • Materials are categorized by their response to various stimuli like pH, enzymes, light, magnetic fields, and vibrations.
  • Mechanisms, applications, and specific examples of these responsive materials are detailed.

Conclusions:

  • Stimuli-responsive smart biomaterials show significant promise for advanced antimicrobial dental applications.
  • Further research is needed to overcome limitations for clinical translation.
  • These materials can improve infection prevention and extend the lifespan of dental devices.