A review on monkeypox virus outbreak: New challenge for world

Area of Science:

• Virology
• Public Health
• Epidemiology

Background:

• Monkeypox is a viral zoonotic disease caused by the monkeypox virus.
• It is an important orthopoxvirus with public health implications.
• Transmission occurs from animals to humans or between humans.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review data on monkeypox outbreaks, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention.
• To analyze the recent global spread of monkeypox.
• To understand the evolving epidemiology and transmission dynamics.

Main Methods:

• Literature search conducted from July 5 to September 15, 2022.
• Reviewed 43 papers and data from WHO, CDC, Africa CDC, and UKHSA.
• Focused on outbreak, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention aspects.

Main Results:

• Human monkeypox first identified in 1970 in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
• Since May 2022, numerous cases detected in non-endemic countries without clear travel history.
• Previous sporadic cases outside Africa noted between 2018-2021, with youth being most affected.

Conclusions:

• Monkeypox is no longer rare or confined to endemic regions.
• The changing epidemiology and transmission dynamics pose a significant public health threat.
• Improved surveillance and case/contact investigation are essential for comprehension and control.