Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Microorganisms in Agriculture and Food industry01:27

Microorganisms in Agriculture and Food industry

156
Microorganisms play a crucial role in agriculture and the food industry, contributing to soil fertility, crop protection, and food production. Their functions range from nitrogen fixation and biopesticide production to fermentation and food preservation, making them indispensable to sustainable farming and food safety.Role in AgricultureNitrogen-fixing bacteria, such as Rhizobium (symbiotic) and Azotobacter (free-living), convert atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia through biological nitrogen...
156
Microbial Nutrition01:28

Microbial Nutrition

171
Organisms exhibit remarkable metabolic diversity, categorized based on how they acquire energy and carbon. These strategies enable survival in various ecological niches and are essential for maintaining energy flow and nutrient cycling within ecosystems.Energy and Carbon SourcesOrganisms are classified as phototrophs or chemotrophs based on energy acquisition. Phototrophs use light as their energy source, while chemotrophs rely on oxidizing chemical compounds. Further differentiation arises...
171
Bacterial Flora of the Large Intestine01:29

Bacterial Flora of the Large Intestine

560
The gut microbiome is formed by a vast and diverse community of bacteria that colonizes our large intestine. These bacteria start residing in the gut from birth and continue diversifying throughout life, influenced by factors such as diet, lifestyle, and stress. The gut bacterial community also includes bacteria from food and those that enter the colon through the anus.
The normal gut flora of the colon plays a critical role in generating essential vitamins such as vitamins K, B5, and B7.
560
Bacterial Phylum Actinobacteria01:30

Bacterial Phylum Actinobacteria

69
Coryneform bacteria are gram-positive, aerobic, nonmotile rods that exhibit irregular, club-shaped, or V-shaped arrangements. Their V-shape results from snapping division, where the inner cell wall layer forms the cross-wall, while the outer layer remains intact until it ruptures on one side, causing the daughter cells to bend away.The primary genera are Corynebacterium and Arthrobacter. Corynebacterium includes diverse species, ranging from saprophytes to pathogens like Corynebacterium...
69
Other Unique Bacteria01:18

Other Unique Bacteria

58
Magnetic bacteria exhibit a directed movement called magnetotaxis, driven by structures called magnetosomes. These magnetosomes consist of chains of magnetic particles made of either magnetite (Fe₃O₄) or greigite (Fe₃S₄) and are organized in a linear conformation by a protein scaffold within invaginations of the cell membrane. The bacteria align along the north–south magnetic field lines, much like a compass needle. They are typically microaerophilic or anaerobic...
58
Microbial Fermentation01:23

Microbial Fermentation

156
Fermentation is a crucial anaerobic metabolic process that enables microbes to derive energy from sugar without relying on oxygen or an electron transport chain. This process is fundamental to various biological and industrial applications and is classified based on the metabolic products generated.Role of Pyruvate in FermentationPyruvate and its derivatives serve as key electron acceptors in fermentative pathways. The oxidation of NADH to regenerate NAD+ is essential for the continuation of...
156

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Biodiversity effects under climate extremes intensify with aridity in grasslands but not forests.

Nature ecology & evolution·2026
Same author

On the relationship between root economics and plant hydraulic traits.

The New phytologist·2026
Same author

Multitrophic interaction networks mediate biodiversity effects on ecosystem multifunctionality.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

Trophic cascades drive sustainability in the agricultural heritage rice-fish coculture system.

Current biology : CB·2026
Same author

Food web complexity underlies biodiversity effects on ecosystem functioning.

Nature·2026
Same author

Plant-based fermented foods harbor autochthonous lactic acid bacteria with broad antimicrobial activity, bacteriocin diversity, and probiotic potential.

Letters in applied microbiology·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 15, 2025

Individualized Reconstitution of Human Milk Microbiota: A Feasible Approach in Real-World Settings
04:16

Individualized Reconstitution of Human Milk Microbiota: A Feasible Approach in Real-World Settings

Published on: February 7, 2025

561

Universal drivers of cheese microbiomes.

Rine Christopher Reuben1,2, Désirée Langer1, Nico Eisenhauer1,2

  • 1German Centre of Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstraße 4, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.

Iscience
|December 30, 2022
PubMed
Summary

This study reveals that cheese microbiome diversity is linked to pH and goat milk, with geography and local factors shaping distinct microbial communities. Four universal cheese microbiome types were identified globally.

Keywords:
Microbiologyfood microbiologymicrobiome

More Related Videos

A Gnotobiotic System for Studying Microbiome Assembly in the Phyllosphere and in Vegetable Fermentation
07:51

A Gnotobiotic System for Studying Microbiome Assembly in the Phyllosphere and in Vegetable Fermentation

Published on: June 3, 2020

7.3K
Compost Microcosms as Microbially Diverse, Natural-like Environments for Microbiome Research in Caenorhabditis elegans
07:19

Compost Microcosms as Microbially Diverse, Natural-like Environments for Microbiome Research in Caenorhabditis elegans

Published on: September 13, 2022

2.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Aug 15, 2025

Individualized Reconstitution of Human Milk Microbiota: A Feasible Approach in Real-World Settings
04:16

Individualized Reconstitution of Human Milk Microbiota: A Feasible Approach in Real-World Settings

Published on: February 7, 2025

561
A Gnotobiotic System for Studying Microbiome Assembly in the Phyllosphere and in Vegetable Fermentation
07:51

A Gnotobiotic System for Studying Microbiome Assembly in the Phyllosphere and in Vegetable Fermentation

Published on: June 3, 2020

7.3K
Compost Microcosms as Microbially Diverse, Natural-like Environments for Microbiome Research in Caenorhabditis elegans
07:19

Compost Microcosms as Microbially Diverse, Natural-like Environments for Microbiome Research in Caenorhabditis elegans

Published on: September 13, 2022

2.3K

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Food Science
  • Genomics

Background:

  • The resident bacteria significantly influence cheese's culinary value, quality, and safety.
  • Comparative analyses of cheese microbiota across diverse cheese types are limited.
  • Understanding cheese microbial ecology is crucial for food safety and quality.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To conduct the first global synthesis of cheese microbiomes.
  • To analyze the diversity and composition of bacteria in various cheese types worldwide.
  • To identify factors influencing cheese microbial community structure.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature review of cheese microbiology research.
  • Collection and analysis of 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequence data from 824 cheese samples.
  • Data spanned 58 cheese types and 16 countries, examining relationships with pH, milk source, pasteurization, geography, and salinity.

Main Results:

  • A positive correlation was observed between microbiome richness and pH.
  • Cheeses from goat milk exhibited higher microbial richness.
  • Milk and cheese type, geographic location, and pasteurization explained 65% of microbial community variation.
  • Four universal cheese microbiome types, defined by dominant taxa, were identified.

Conclusions:

  • Cheese microbiota exhibit notable diversity patterns influenced by geography and local environmental variables.
  • The findings provide a global perspective on cheese microbial ecology.
  • This research lays the groundwork for understanding and potentially controlling cheese microbial communities for improved food products.