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Without prolonged fasting, healthy individuals maintain blood glucose levels above 3.5 mM due to a well-adapted neuroendocrine counterregulatory system that effectively prevents acute hypoglycemia, a potentially life-threatening condition. The primary clinical scenarios for hypoglycemia encompass diabetes treatment, inappropriate production of endogenous insulin or insulin-like substances by tumors, and the use of glucose-lowering agents in non-diabetic individuals. Notably, hypoglycemia in the...
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For most patients, experiencing several weeks of polyuria, polydipsia, fatigue, and significant weight loss may indicate the presence of diabetes. Furthermore, adults displaying the phenotypic appearance of type 2 diabetes (particularly those who are obese and not initially insulin-requiring), may have islet cell autoantibodies, suggesting autoimmune-mediated β cell destruction and a diagnosis of latent autoimmune diabetes of adults (LADA). The categorization of glucose homeostasis is...
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Related Experiment Video

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[Risk of postoperative complications in hyperglycemic conditions].

T A Kremenchugskaya1, V A Kubyshkin1, L M Samokhodskaya1

  • 1Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.

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|December 30, 2022
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Summary

Carbohydrate metabolism disorders, including diabetes mellitus, significantly impact surgical outcomes. Understanding stress-induced hyperglycemia is key to improving perioperative patient care and reducing complications.

Keywords:
abdominal surgerycolorectal surgerydiabetes mellituspostoperative complicationsstress-induced hyperglycemia

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology and Metabolism
  • Surgical Patient Management

Context:

  • Postoperative period complications are influenced by carbohydrate metabolism.
  • Diabetes mellitus is a significant comorbidity affecting surgical morbidity.
  • Stress response during surgery can lead to hyperglycemia.

Purpose:

  • To review the impact of carbohydrate metabolism disorders on the postoperative period.
  • To summarize data on diabetes mellitus and surgical morbidity.
  • To discuss the mechanisms and significance of stress-induced hyperglycemia.
  • To explore modern treatment strategies for perioperative hyperglycemia.

Summary:

  • This review examines how disorders in carbohydrate metabolism, particularly diabetes mellitus, affect patient recovery after surgery.
  • It details the link between diabetes and increased postoperative complications.
  • The role of stress-induced hyperglycemia and current management approaches are also covered.

Impact:

  • Provides insights into managing patients with metabolic disorders undergoing surgery.
  • Highlights the importance of controlling hyperglycemia for better surgical outcomes.
  • Informs clinical practice regarding perioperative glycemic control strategies.