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Effect of angular dependence for small-field dosimetry using seven different detectors.

Kohei Kawata1, Tomohiro Ono2, Hideaki Hirashima2

  • 1Division of Clinical Radiology Service, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan.

Medical Physics
|December 30, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Small-field dosimetry is challenging due to angular dependence. The Pinpoint 3D chamber showed the least angular variation for both coplanar and non-coplanar beams, offering improved accuracy in radiotherapy.

Keywords:
angular dependenceionization chambernon-coplanar beamsmall-field dosimetrysolid-state detector

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Physics
  • Radiotherapy Dosimetry
  • Radiation Detection

Background:

  • Small-field dosimetry in radiotherapy faces challenges including loss of charged particle equilibrium, source occlusion, detector perturbation, and volume averaging effects.
  • Accurate small-field dosimetry requires detectors with high spatial resolution, tissue equivalence, and independence from energy, dose rate, and beam angle.
  • The angular dependence of detectors in small-field dosimetry, especially with coplanar and non-coplanar beams, remains incompletely understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate and clarify the impact of angular dependence on small-field dosimetry.
  • To evaluate the performance of various detectors under different beam configurations (coplanar and non-coplanar).

Main Methods:

  • Seven detectors (CC01, RAZOR, RAZOR Nano, Pinpoint 3D, SFD, microSilicon, microDiamond) were tested.
  • Measurements were performed using a TrueBeam STx with 6 MV and 10 MV flattening filter-free (FFF) energies in a water-equivalent phantom.
  • Detector angular dependence was assessed by rotating the gantry at 15° increments for various field sizes (0.5-3 cm²) and couch angles (0°-90°).

Main Results:

  • Maximum angular dependence differences were generally within 3.3% for coplanar and 2.5% for non-coplanar beams (excluding specific detectors/field sizes).
  • The Pinpoint 3D chamber exhibited the most stable angular response, with differences within 2.0% under most conditions.
  • Detector angular response tendencies were consistent across different photon energies.

Conclusions:

  • The Pinpoint 3D chamber demonstrated the lowest angular dependence for both coplanar and non-coplanar small-field dosimetry.
  • Findings can aid in calculating angular dependence correction factors for improved radiotherapy accuracy.
  • Detector-specific uncertainties increase with decreasing field size, necessitating careful consideration.