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Aptamer-Based Glycated Albumin Sensor for Capacitive Spectroscopy.

Toshiya Sakata¹, Reiko Shiratori¹, Shoichi Nishitani¹

¹Department of Materials Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan.

Analytical Chemistry

|December 30, 2022

Summary

A novel aptamer-based sensor detects glycated albumin (GA) using electrochemical capacitance spectroscopy (ECS). This enzyme-/antibody-free method offers a simple, miniaturized point-of-care testing solution for prediabetes glycemic control.

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Area of Science:

Biomedical Engineering
Analytical Chemistry
Biosensing Technology

Background:

Glycated albumin (GA) is a key glycemic indicator for prediabetes management, with a half-life suitable for short-term glucose control.
Current methods for GA detection often require daily monitoring or lack the simplicity needed for point-of-care testing (POCT).
Developing a miniaturized, enzyme-/antibody-free GA sensor is crucial for widespread clinical adoption and effective prediabetes management.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a novel aptamer-based capacitive electrode for specific glycated albumin (GA) detection.
To utilize electrochemical capacitance spectroscopy (ECS) for enzyme-/antibody-free GA quantification.
To create a simple and miniaturized sensor platform for point-of-care testing (POCT) of GA levels.

Main Methods:

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Fabrication of a capacitive electrode with a polyaryl film on a gold surface, functionalized with GA aptamers and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG).
Employing electrochemical capacitance spectroscopy (ECS) to measure changes induced by GA binding to the aptamer.
Testing the sensor's specificity against interfering proteins like human serum albumin (HSA) and immunoglobulin G (IgG).

Main Results:

The aptamer-based capacitive electrode specifically detected GA using ECS, demonstrating significant signal changes with varying GA concentrations (0.1, 1, and 10 mg/mL).
The sensor exhibited high specificity, effectively distinguishing GA from HSA and IgG, indicating minimal non-specific protein absorption.
The ECS method proved effective for evaluating GA levels, correlating with the rate of albumin glycation.

Conclusions:

An aptamer-based capacitive electrode coupled with ECS provides a sensitive and specific method for enzyme-/antibody-free GA detection.
This platform is suitable for developing simple, miniaturized POCT devices for effective prediabetes glycemic monitoring.
The developed sensor technology holds promise for advanced protein analysis applications beyond GA detection.