Suspected Generalized Neonatal Tetanus in a Litter of Puppies

Tetanus, caused by Clostridium tetani neurotoxin, is extensively described in adult dogs and is frequently associated with a recent history of wounds. Although this condition is reported in 2-3 mo old puppies, tetanus has not been described in neonates. Herein, we report the clinical signs of 3-5 day old American Bully puppies from the same litter, presenting with an acute onset of marked generalized stiffness of the extensor muscles, trismus, and an inability to suckle. Three puppies died because of tetanus: one died during consultation, one was euthanized owing to respiratory distress, and the third died 1 mo after initial presentation following deterioration. All three of these puppies were clinically affected by omphalitis. Complete bloodwork, toxicological screening (including strychnine assay), serology, and polymerase chain reaction tests for selected infectious diseases were unremarkable. Necropsy of the euthanized puppy confirmed suppurative omphalitis, which may have contributed to C. tetani infection. These are the first cases of suspected neonatal tetanus in puppies, which is a frequent condition in newborn humans and is associated with omphalitis as the route of infection.