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Transcription

Transcription

Overview
Transcription is the process of synthesizing RNA from a DNA sequence by RNA polymerase. It is the first step in producing a protein from a gene sequence. Additionally, many other proteins and regulatory sequences are involved in the proper synthesis of messenger RNA (mRNA). Regulation of transcription is responsible for the differentiation of all the different types of cells and often for the proper cellular response to environmental signals.
Transcription Can Produce Different Kinds...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 15, 2025

Simulating Temperature in a Soil Incubation Experiment

Simulating Temperature in a Soil Incubation Experiment

Published on: October 28, 2022

Temperature changes in the root ecosystem affect plant functionality.

Mary Paz González-García¹, Carlos M Conesa², Alberto Lozano-Enguita²

¹Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (UPM-INIA/CSIC), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria-CSIC (INIA/CSIC), Campus Montegancedo, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid), Spain; Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), 28040 Madrid, Spain.

Plant Communications

|December 31, 2022

Summary

Extreme heat negatively impacts crop yields. A new device, the TGRooZ, simulates natural temperature gradients for plant roots, improving growth and resilience under heat stress.

Keywords:

gene expression heat stress microbiome nutrition root temperature gradient

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Area of Science:

Plant science
Environmental science
Agricultural science

Background:

Climate change intensifies extreme heat events, threatening plant development and agricultural productivity.
Current heat stress studies often use uniform high temperatures, failing to replicate natural root environments with temperature gradients.
High temperatures disrupt root meristem cell division, impairing root growth and function.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop and evaluate a novel device (TGRooZ) for simulating natural root temperature gradients during heat stress experiments.
To assess the impact of simulated root temperature gradients on plant growth, root functionality, and gene expression under heat stress.
To investigate the effects of TGRooZ on rhizosphere and root microbiome composition compared to homogeneous high-temperature treatments.

Main Methods:

Engineered the TGRooZ device to create a temperature gradient for in vitro and greenhouse plant growth assays.
Exposed plants to high shoot temperatures while cultivating roots in the TGRooZ to mimic natural conditions.
Analyzed root system growth, functionality, gene expression, and rhizosphere/root microbiome composition.

Main Results:

Plants grown in the TGRooZ with high shoot temperatures maintained efficient root growth and functionality.
TGRooZ-grown roots exhibited less disruption in gene expression and microbiome composition compared to roots under homogeneous high temperatures.
Improved root functionality in TGRooZ-grown plants supported better overall shoot growth and development.

Conclusions:

The TGRooZ device effectively simulates natural root temperature gradients, crucial for understanding plant responses to heat stress.
This approach enhances plant root system resilience and function under heat, offering a more realistic experimental model.
Findings suggest TGRooZ application can advance knowledge of plant adaptation to climate change from lab to field.