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Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
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Examining Bilingual Language Control Using the Stroop Task
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How processing emotion affects language control in bilinguals.

Huanhuan Liu1,2, Wenxin Liu1,2, John W Schwieter3

  • 1Research Center of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116029, China.

Brain Structure & Function
|December 31, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Bilinguals show altered language control based on word emotion. Negative words did not affect task performance, but positive words did, impacting brain activity related to cognitive control.

Keywords:
Bilingual language controlEmotional judgmentLanguage switchingNegative priming effectsSpreading inhibition

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Area of Science:

  • Psycholinguistics
  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Bilingualism Research

Background:

  • Bilingual language control is influenced by various factors.
  • The role of affective processing in bilingual language control is underexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of affective word valence on language switching costs in Chinese-English bilinguals.
  • To examine the neural correlates of affective priming in bilingual language control using fMRI.

Main Methods:

  • A language switching experiment with auditory word primes and picture naming targets.
  • Participants judged word valence (positive/negative) before naming pictures in the same or different language.
  • Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) monitored brain activity.

Main Results:

  • Behavioral switch costs were observed following positive word primes, but not negative word primes.
  • fMRI data revealed differential activation in cognitive control networks based on prime valence and trial type (switch vs. non-switch).
  • Negative word primes modulated activity in domain-general cognitive control areas differently for switch and non-switch trials.

Conclusions:

  • Affective processing, particularly of negative words, can induce priming effects that interact with cognitive control mechanisms in bilinguals.
  • These findings suggest that emotional valence influences language control through both reactive emotional processing and interactions with higher-level cognitive functions.
  • The study highlights the complex interplay between emotion, language, and executive functions in bilingual speakers.